The purpose of this research is to analyze the dynamics of the institutional-mission structure of science policy-making in Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, especially with an emphasis on laying the groundwork for the formation of science diplomacy in the Middle East. The historical analysis shows the existence of three historical periods: The first period (1979-1987): institutional-mission structural developments influenced by the intellectual paradigm of the Islamic Revolution. The developments that occurred in this period are mainly influenced by the formation of the Islamic Revolution and the cultural approaches disseminated as a result of it; The second period (1987-2003): mission structural developments. During this period, there has been almost no specific institutional change, but mission changes have occurred in some science policy-making institutions; Third period (2003-present): Institutional-mission structural changes influenced by deep attention to the role of science in the country's progress. During this period, given the importance of the role of science in solving the country's problems and its transformation into the driving force of the country's progress, new institutions with new missions were formed in the country's science policy-making structure. This issue has paved the way for the formation of science diplomacy in the Middle East.