Violence in the Middle East has many dimensions and complexities, one of which is religion, which has its roots in several factors, including historical, political, cultural, and economic. Among them, some axes, including; the crisis and legitimacy of political systems, structural discrimination and relative deprivations, extremist interpretations of religious teachings, interference by foreign powers, and the failure of development programs, have been very influential. This article seeks to criticize and examine the discussion of violence, especially in the field of religious extremism, by reviewing and examining the studies conducted, and to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and the most important criticisms made against it. The method of conducting this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is library-based with special emphasis on books and primary sources, articles published in reputable journals, and new research. The results of this research show that the causes of promoting and spreading violence in the Middle East region are mostly influenced by the type of vision and thinking of currents, authoritarian governments, the emergence of new thinking currents, the desire for political power, political and economic problems, religious conflicts, etc.