This study examines the causes and consequences of recent developments in Syria and the fall of Bashar al-Assad and attempts to explain the factors that led to this fall. Focusing on semi-structured interviews with experts familiar with Syrian issues, this study provides a more detailed analysis of the political, economic, and social developments in the country. The statistical population of this study includes experts with doctoral degrees in related fields, university faculty members, and individuals with at least four articles related to the topic or a history of working in Syria at a managerial or consulting level. Findings from the content analysis of the interviews indicate that the role of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a strategic supporter and military advisor has helped strengthen the stability of the Bashar al-Assad regime and confront external threats. Iran’s active presence in military developments and clearing areas of opposition groups indicates its commitment to maintaining the security and territorial integrity of Syria. The results of the study also indicate that economic, social, and political factors have simultaneously contributed to the fall of Bashar al-Assad. Public discontent, economic hardship,