The identity of every society has undergone changes and transformations over time. The identity of Iranians has also undergone transformations throughout history, especially in the Middle Ages. The central question and goal of this research is how the characteristics of Iranian political identity have been manifested in the Middle Ages, especially with regard to modern theorists. With an explanatory method, it can be said that the identity of Iranians in the third centuries onwards, with regard to the culture and norms of the Islamic-Arab world, is formed with a kind of resistance identity while being homogenous. The discourse of Iranian political identity during this period, with regard to their epistemological and historical system, as well as powerful governments, mixed elements of Islamic-Arab identity with their own identity. Political identity is defined by elements such as sanctification, religious nationalism, reproduction of ancient Iranian grand narratives, a separatist identity from the Arabs, the revival of the modern Persian language as the main source of the new Iranian identity, entering the era of post-establishment identity, the identification of stability and legitimacy of states with identity, the reproduction of Iran-urban identity, and a resistance and umbrella discourse.