The Shanghai is a organization with great capabilities and potential, and Iran's membership in it is considered an important advantage in foreign policy. However, in recent years, with the nuclear dispute becoming the main issue of Iran's foreign policy, this issue has affected the national advantages and interests of Iran. Therefore, it is important to address the issue that mere membership in a regional organization, as long as it is affected by security issues and other international powers, cannot be considered as a full benefit of membership. Therefore, the main question that makes the present research strategic is what effect does the nuclear file have on relations between Iran and the Shanghai? The hypothesis that is designed and evaluated using a combination of historical and analytical-descriptive methods is that; For Iran, membership in the SCO seems to have been motivated by the pursuit of geostrategic, geopolitical, and geoeconomic benefits. Iran’s ability to fully utilize the benefits of membership in the SCO has been limited by the ongoing nuclear dispute and the broader institutional order governing international relations. Therefore, the purpose this study is to examine the implications of the nuclear issue on Iran-Shanghai relations within the framework of neoliberal institutionalism