Journal of Political Strategy

The Relationship Between Media, civic and social Variables and Teacher's Citizenship Rights: Case Study Jovein City

Khalil Sardarnia; Mohammd Esmail SardarAbadi; Ebrahim Salehabadi

Volume 6, Issue 3 , November 2022, , Pages 141-164

Abstract

  در این پژوهش، نگارندگان در صدد تبیین سنجش میزان آگاهی معلمان به حقوق شهروندی وعوامل موثر بر آن با توجه ...  Read More در این پژوهش، نگارندگان در صدد تبیین سنجش میزان آگاهی معلمان به حقوق شهروندی وعوامل موثر بر آن با توجه به متغیرهایی همچون: آگاهی سیاسی، میزان و نوع استفاده از رسانه های جمعی، مشارکت و عضویت در نهادهای مدنی و پایگاه اجتماعی- اقتصادی هستند. روش تحقیق به صورت پیمایشی بوده و داده ها با تکنیک پرسشنامه ای جمع آوری شده اند. مهمترین یافته های این مطالعه در ارتباط با جامعه آماری ذکر شده عبارتند از: 1. بین آگاهی سیاسی معلمان و سطح آگاهی آنان به حقوق شهروندی خویش در سه بعد مدنی، سیاسی و اجتماعی ارتباط مثبت و معنا دار در سطح بالا دیده شد. 2. بین متغیر میزان استفاده از رسانه های جمعی و آگاهی معلمان به حقوق شهروندی، ارتباط مثبت و معنا دار دیده شد. 3. بین محتوای سیاسی و مدنی استفاده از رسانه های جمعی و میزان آگاهی معلمان به حقوق شهروندی ارتباط مثبت و معنا داری دیده شد، در مورد محتوای اجتماعی این ارتباط مثبت بود، اما معنادار نبود. 4. تأثیر متغیر حضور و مشارکت در عرصه های عمومی و مشارکتی و نهادهای مدنی و آگاهی معلمان به حقوق شهروندی نیز مثبت و معنا دار نشان داده شد.

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vahid salehi

Volume 6, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 151-165

Abstract

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Pathology of Non-Governmental Actors;Violence, Backgrounds and Approaches

komeil naderimahdy; Somayeh Ghanbari

Volume 7, Issue 2 , August 2023, , Pages 155-179

Abstract

  Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as independent organizations from the government,Non-profit organizations and spontaneous and public members today play an important role in various ...  Read More Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as independent organizations from the government,Non-profit organizations and spontaneous and public members today play an important role in various legal fields such as political, economic, environmental, cultural, etc., so that these institutions are the main components of civil societyformed and are considered tools to strengthen the weak position of the people against powerful government institutions. In spite of this importance, non-governmental organizations in some societies are either basically not formed or in th ecase offormation, they are not very efficient in performing their duties and effectiveness, and in some cases losses and damagesMost of them follow, to the extent that in some cases they go out of the circle of the mentioned definition. This article is to examine one if the most important injuries of NGOs that is violence, base on the method of Descriptive-analytical. in such a way that firstly, the introduction and causes of the formation of two of the most important organizationsViolent means ideology-based organizations such as Al-Qaeda and Marxist guerilla organizations such asPeople's Mojahedin of Iran and then solutions to prevent violence in these organizationsIt also prevents these organizations from harming the society.

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Soft war against countries opposed to US hegemony (especially media war against Iran)

mohammadreza ghanbari salahshour; nadya agharezaie

Volume 2, Issue 4 , June 2018, , Pages 157-187

Abstract

  Today, the media has emerged as a tool for soft warfare against countries opposed to US hegemony, including Iran. The main question of this article is what is the nature of this war? ...  Read More Today, the media has emerged as a tool for soft warfare against countries opposed to US hegemony, including Iran. The main question of this article is what is the nature of this war? In answer to the main question of this article, this war has been examined in four main areas: the characteristics of media warfare, methods and techniques of media warfare, tools of media warfare, and the goals of the US media war against Iran. At the forefront of imagery, distortion, information manipulation, news bombing, news falsification, and magnification are features of the US media war against target countries. In the second axis, America tries to change the attitude in the minds of the audience through methods such as imagining, resorting to fear, labeling and assassinating the character. In the third axis, the United States is trying to influence the target countries, including Iran, by using media warfare tools such as radio, satellite TV channels, Persian Internet sites, and evangelical networks, as well as by using media techniques such as advertising and highlighting. In the soft war against Iran, the United States pursues its goals through methods such as normalization, democratization, and networking of moderate Muslims, and with three long-term strategies: medium-term and short-term; Presenting a dreadful image of Islam and the Islamic Republic, portraying Iran as the axis of evil, proposing the idea of ​​Islamophobia and Iranophobia, the inefficiency of religion in governing society, instilling a global consensus against Iran.

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Field study of Turkey's geopolitical approach in the Eurasian Basin with emphasis on energy resources in the Caucasus region

Reza Ahmadi mosabad; Ali Mohamadzadeh; ahmad Ashrafi

Volume 5, Issue 16 , May 2021, , Pages 161-180

Abstract

  The Caucasus is a mountainous region in southwestern Russia that has been the site of rivalries between major powers, including Iran, Russia, Turkey, and the United States. In this ...  Read More The Caucasus is a mountainous region in southwestern Russia that has been the site of rivalries between major powers, including Iran, Russia, Turkey, and the United States. In this region, five types of competition and conflict of interest can be classified. First, the rivalry and conflict of interests of the United States and Russia. Second, competition and conflict of interests between Russia and Turkey. Third, the rivalry and conflict of interests of Iran and the United States, the West and Israel, fourth, the rivalry and conflict of interests of Iran and Turkey, and fifth, the rivalry and conflict of interests of the United States and China, which is mostly summarized in economic and energy matters. Among the actors active in the region is Turkey, which is trying to expand its influence in the Caucasus. Since the establishment of the AKP, Turkey has become one of the most important players in its peripheral regions, including the Caucasus, Since the establishment of the AKP, Turkey has become one of the most important players in its peripheral regions, including the Caucasus, and is one of the influential actors in new developments in these regions.

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The strategy of political and security rights of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Caspian Sea border area.

Suroush Amiri

Volume 7, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 161-187

Abstract

  The collapse of the Soviet Union caused geopolitical changes and the succession of four separate and independent states along the Caspian Sea.The article tries to explain Iran's security-economic ...  Read More The collapse of the Soviet Union caused geopolitical changes and the succession of four separate and independent states along the Caspian Sea.The article tries to explain Iran's security-economic and legal strategy in the Caspian Sea border area with a descriptive-analytical method. By concluding bilateral and multilateral agreements and dividing the benefits of the sea among themselves, the countries on the shores of the Caspian Sea have violated the rights of the Muslims of the Islamic Republic of Iran by ignoring international laws. The non-agreement of the coastal countries of the Caspian Sea in the field of legal regime has led to political and security competitions in the region in favor of the great powers that intervene in the Caspian region. From the perspective of realism in the Caspian region, Iran's share in this platform is very small, and on the other hand, the pressure of the West, especially the United States, does not allow Iran to pass through the pipelines. And Russia is a serious competitor for Iran. In addition, with the presence and intervention of trans-regional powers in the Caspian Sea, Iran has had less opportunity for economic and military activity in this area.

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The Effects of Strategic Culture on Iranian Arms Policy and National Security

rashid rekabian; samane tahmasbei

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 163-187

Abstract

  This article introduces the concept of strategic culture and tries to investigate its relationships with the Iranian arms policy. strategic culture consist of a code of political values, ...  Read More This article introduces the concept of strategic culture and tries to investigate its relationships with the Iranian arms policy. strategic culture consist of a code of political values, cultural beliefs regarding threats, national security, the position of the military forces and the use of forces in the international security. In the view of some researchers, the Iranian strategic culture has a determining role in forming arms policy and national security of states. On this basis, the main question of the article is that “how Iranian arms policy and national security have been affected by the county’s strategic culture? The hypothesis of the research is that “based on historical experience, Iranian strategic culture has played main role in shaping the country’s arms policy and national security”.The present research with descriptive-analytical method proposes the hypothesis that several components are effective in shaping the strategic culture of Iran and it can be said that historical experiences, religious-Islamic teachings and geography have played a role in shaping the strategic culture of Islamic Iran more than any other component.

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Civil society and the development of international law

Aidin Zandian; hasan soleimani; ahmadreza Behniafar

Volume 4, Issue 14 , December 2020, , Pages 171-194

https://doi.org/10.29252/JPS.4.14.171

Abstract

  The spread of unconventional behavior and international rules by governments as key players in international law and the politicization of the United Nations, especially the Security ...  Read More The spread of unconventional behavior and international rules by governments as key players in international law and the politicization of the United Nations, especially the Security Council and other international organizations, has jeopardized world peace. Endless conflicts in the Middle East, the arms race between the great world powers, the genocide of Bosnian Muslims, Rohingya and Uighurs in China, repeated crimes against humanity in Africa, widespread environmental degradation, and growing violence against minorities. Ethnic and religious discrimination, Endless conflicts in the Middle East, the arms race between the great world powers, the genocide of Bosnian Muslims, Rohingya and Uighurs in China, repeated crimes against humanity in Africa, widespread environmental degradation, and growing violence against minorities.gross and systematic violations of human rights in many countries of the world, unilateral sanctions, etc. are evidence of the ineffectiveness of Westphalian international law. So; Can civil society play a role in international law, get out of the current situation and adjust and control the deviation of states from the rules and laws of international law?

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Political Challenges of the Post-Saddam Iraqi Government (Case Study of Adel Abdul-Mahdi's 2020-2018 )

mostafa maleki; rezvaneh molla; Alireza Hosseini Yazdi

Volume 6, Issue 2 , September 2022

Abstract

  Iraq is a country of great ethnic and religious diversity; Including Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen, Shiites and Sunnis, Christians, Jews and Yazidis. This diversity in Iraqi society has ...  Read More Iraq is a country of great ethnic and religious diversity; Including Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen, Shiites and Sunnis, Christians, Jews and Yazidis. This diversity in Iraqi society has led to the formation of a specific policy in this country and has led to the formation of a desire for participation in the Iraqi political structure. If we look at the history of Iraq, we see that throughout its political history, it has always witnessed internal relations and conflicts to achieve a democratic and democratic government; From the Shabani revolution with the support of the people to the peaceful demonstrations of the people in October this year. After the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime and the crackdown on the Ba'athist regime in 2003 during the US-led invasion of Iraq, a new form of democracy was formed in Iraq, and the constitution was drafted by Iraqi jurists under American supervision. A decade faced shortcomings and problems. Thus, it can be said that despite the fact that 16 years have passed since the overthrow of the dictatorial regime in Iraq and the establishment of democratic reform governments in Iraq, Iraq still faces many problems in establishing political order and establishing a stable and independent government. Many Middle Eastern observers believe that Iraq's special geopolitical nature provides the basis for the continuation and intensification of divisions between the country's ethnic-religious groups.

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Pathology of sanctions in creating peace, international security, and protection of citizen's rights (case study of Iran and North Korea)

mehdi moradzadeh; mohammadali kafaeifar; mohammadreza hakakzadeh

Volume 7, Issue 1 , April 2023

Abstract

  From a methodological perspective, the pathology of sanctions on states poses daunting challenges because it is not only difficult to separate the consequences of sanctions from various ...  Read More From a methodological perspective, the pathology of sanctions on states poses daunting challenges because it is not only difficult to separate the consequences of sanctions from various other factors that affect the human rights conditions of civilians, but also to collect data on the actual impact of sanctions. This research intends to answer this basic question by taking advantage of the scientific analysis approach and using valid raw data: What are the characteristics of the Western economic sanctions against Iran and North Korea and why were they applied? And what have been the most important consequences of sanctions on the economic and social structure? For this purpose, he discussed the history of sanctions, the types of sanctions and their legal bases from an international perspective, the ripple effects of sanctions and the review of the resolutions applied in the countries under study. and at the end, solutions were presented to identify the damages of sanctions on governments and citizens' rights. As a result, the findings indicate that ignoring the consequences of sanctions on future generations significantly increases their total economic costs and harms the society.

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Center gap - about the behavior of the tenth presidential election in Iran

mohammad youssefijouybari; Majid Nejatpour; Mojtaba Miri

Volume 5, Issue 18 , December 2021, , Pages 135-154

Abstract

  The purpose of this article is to explain the relationship between the center-periphery gap and the tenth presidential election (2009) in Iran. To achieve this goal, first, the impact ...  Read More The purpose of this article is to explain the relationship between the center-periphery gap and the tenth presidential election (2009) in Iran. To achieve this goal, first, the impact of social gaps on elections and electoral behavior is examined, then the understanding of how the center-periphery gap affects the tenth presidential election in Iran. The results show that the actions of previous governments, which caused a lack of attention to the lower classes of society, and in contrast to the actions of the Ahmadinejad government between2005 and2009, led to the formation of a social base for them in the lower classes of society. In the tenth presidential election, Ahmadinejad has faced rivals who enjoyed an urban social standing. These results also show that most of Ahmadinejad's votes are in the lower and peripheral areas of society, and the farther we go from the center to the periphery, the higher the percentage of Ahmadinejad's votes. The Impact of the Center-Periphery Gap on Elections and People's Electoral Behavior and Ahmadinejad's Victory The result of measures such as the social base surrounding Ahmadinejad's government, class-geopolitical dichotomy in elections, and government actions such as justice stocks, housing, and allocating development budgets to deprived provinces.

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Learning methods in Public Policy Making

Ali. Akbar Nedaee

Volume 5, Issue 19 , January 2022, , Pages 135-160

Abstract

  Learning in policy-making has a high impact and position. The purpose of this study is to enumerate various learning methods based on the theory of bounded rational choice. How and ...  Read More Learning in policy-making has a high impact and position. The purpose of this study is to enumerate various learning methods based on the theory of bounded rational choice. How and in what ways is learning from policies done? The assumption of this article is that; Learning from policies is not limited to a specific place and time and includes a variety of methods. The research method is a qualitative method based on library research and taking notes from foreign and domestic books and articles, and an attempt has been made to consider as many examples as possible after describing each type of learning. Findings indicate that learning in policy-making has a wide range of methods, including; Compulsory and voluntary learning includes learning from past history and policies. As a result, learning based on the theory of bounded rationality, which takes into account the conditions of uncertainty and instability of the policy environment, can be effective in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of policies formulated and implemented.

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Comparative comparison of the views and ideas of Ibn Sina and the late Hosseini Maraghei about the government

rashid rekabian; SEROS KHANDAN

Volume 5, Issue 17 , September 2021, , Pages 153-175

Abstract

  The discussion of government and the ideal government and who should rule has always been a concern of Islamic scholars, especially Shia. This research examines the comparison of the ...  Read More The discussion of government and the ideal government and who should rule has always been a concern of Islamic scholars, especially Shia. This research examines the comparison of the two Muslim thinkers who lived in two different eras about government. Ibn Sina, the Islamic philosopher who lived in the 4th and 5th centuries, and Ayatollah Seyyed Mir Abd al-Fattah Hosseini Maraghei, were the scholars of the beginning of the Qajar period. While dividing governments into good and bad, Ibn Sina and Maraghei share the opinion of the ideal government that comes to the Prophet, peace be upon him, and considering that Ibn Sina lived in a period when the governments had Sunni tendencies and he was an official in politics, he used taqiyyah in some of his arguments about the government. Also, he was influenced by his contemporaries, Farabi, while Maraghei lived in the Qajar era, which was the type of Shiite government that was oppressive. and the scholars had political relations with Qajaria, and at the same time, the theorizing about the government and the ideal government and the authority of the faqih by Mullah Ahmad Naraghi, Kashif al-Ghata, etc., had expanded a lot; therefore, there was a field of theorizing and the influence of Naraghi and Kashif al-Ghata, while dealing with the government, proved the reasons for the authority of the faqih. The third point of this Sina's ideas about government was discussed through political philosophy, while Maraghei's ideas about proving the ideal government were discussed through jurisprudence.

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Changing the approach from geopolitics to geoeconomy in the West Asian region and the strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Fariborz Mohammadi; seyed mohammadjavad momeni; Mohammad Hossein Tagvi Kutnai

Volume 6, Issue 1 , June 2022, , Pages 153-176

Abstract

  Before the two world wars, the geostrategic territories were drawn based on military goals, as a result, the geopolitical regions had to justify and contain military goals and plans, ...  Read More Before the two world wars, the geostrategic territories were drawn based on military goals, as a result, the geopolitical regions had to justify and contain military goals and plans, and for this reason, as soon as the slightest change in the structure of the geopolitical system of any country is felt, military conflict and recourse are created. Force was unavoidable. Over time and after the collapse of the Eastern Bloc and the emergence of new changes and developments in the category of security and strategic issues and the predominance of political economic goals over purely political issues, the structures of geopolitical systems are moving towards becoming a geoeconomy, hence the geostrategic territories even Farsangs away from the territorial borders should have an economic-military justification. This is a remarkable turn that we are witnessing today a change in the various strategies of the powers, especially the United States of America, and on this principle, the word geoeconomy was proposed for the first time at the end of the 1990s, which some mistakenly consider to be a substitute for geopolitics, and another group mistakenly They think that the era of geopolitics is over and the era of geoeconomics is in question. While this is a mistake in the interpretation of concepts because the word geoeconomy is actually a change in the name and purpose of geostrategy. In a more correct interpretation in the concept of geo-economics, the goals have been transformed into strategic goals by taking advantage of the geopolitical platform by interfering in the economic strategies.

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The future of the US presence in the Persian Gulf in the light of developments in the balance of power system in the region

ahmad alobatfard; seyed hekmatallah hashemipour

Volume 4, Issue 13 , September 2020, , Pages 157-170

Abstract

  Due to its geopolitical position, the Persian Gulf has long been considered by world powers and today, as one of the most important regions in the world, plays an important role in ...  Read More Due to its geopolitical position, the Persian Gulf has long been considered by world powers and today, as one of the most important regions in the world, plays an important role in energy production, so trying to influence this region is one of the strategic policies of power. Has become global and the US presence in the region has been explained in this regard. Using descriptive and analytical methods and relying on library resources, the present study seeks to answer the question, what will be the future strategy of the United States and the future of this government in the Persian Gulf region? The result is that; US policy in the Persian Gulf seems to be changing, and US politicians intend to take a new approach instead of using policies that have cost them dearly and led to the loss of US capital. To pursue policies that, in addition to securing their long-term interests, resolve domestic problems arising from foreign policy. Therefore, it is suggested that the Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the main players in the Persian Gulf region, seeks to play a more effective role in the region by using its political, cultural and economic capacities and taking advantage of the requirements ahead.

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The stance of the principles of international law in the political thought of Imam Khomeini (emphasizing the murder of Salman Rushdie)

abbas taghvaee

Volume 6, Issue 3 , November 2022, , Pages 165-178

Abstract

  Generally individuals' history of political thought can be searched in texts representing these ideologies. But for politicians, performance and policy positions they have, will be ...  Read More Generally individuals' history of political thought can be searched in texts representing these ideologies. But for politicians, performance and policy positions they have, will be considered in addition to their written works. On the other hand, the viewpoint towards the norms governing international scenes and paradigms to separate governments (outside aspect of governments) and categorizing individuals in international scenes (subordination) can be informative in their special viewpoints toward international norms. The question that arises here is whether in Imam Khomeini's terms the norms governing the international scene are acceptable in absolute terms? If the answer is a negative one another question arises that what criteria exist for acceptance or not acceptance of these norms? It is clear that all countries based of their national interests and power, set restrictions to these rules. In Imam Khomeini's viewpoint another important index is added to these criteria, and that is the congruence of these norms with fixed principles of Islam. It seems that by benchmarking them, he challenges part of the principles of international law which is just on the basis of western thinking.

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lila khodabakhshi; saeed hasankhani

Volume 6, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 167-203

Abstract

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Identification and prioritization socio-economic support for refugees in Iran from the perspective of Iranian experts

seyyedMorteza Mousavie Darani; abomohammad asgharkhani; maryam moradi

Volume 5, Issue 16 , May 2021, , Pages 181-196

Abstract

  The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the types of socio-economic support for refugees in Iran. The present study was a descriptive survey with a researcher-made questionnaire. ...  Read More The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the types of socio-economic support for refugees in Iran. The present study was a descriptive survey with a researcher-made questionnaire. In terms of purpose, the present study was applied and in terms of nature, it was descriptive. The statistical population of the study was all experts in sociology, law and political science based in Tehran, 30 of whom were selected by snowball sampling. In order to identify the supports, after reviewing the theoretical foundations and research background, 10 types of socio-economic support were identified,. The results showed that: from the experts' point of view, 10 types of refugee protection are needed, which are: Health care, education, the right to adequate housing, the right to work, the right to social security, the right to travel, the right to sue, the right to receive government assistance, the right not to be detained and expelled, and the right to marry and divorce. Of these 10 types of support, health care, the right to adequate housing, the right to travel, the right to work and the right to sue are the most important.

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Analyzing the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia in line with the regional power balance theory

Hosseinali Mehrnia

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 189-206

Abstract

  Iran and Saudi Arabia are considered important powers in the West Asian region, and each is seeking to increase its influence in these regions as well as in the Islamic world, which ...  Read More Iran and Saudi Arabia are considered important powers in the West Asian region, and each is seeking to increase its influence in these regions as well as in the Islamic world, which has caused an increasing competition between the two countries. The competition between the two countries has had a significant impact on the relationship between them and has gone through many ups and downs. In the course of these relations, sometimes these two countries have clashed over regional, cultural and religious issues, and sometimes they have cooperated on common interests. By raising the question of how the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia have been in line with the regional balance of power theory, this research has reached the answer that the relations between these two countries have influenced regional developments and policies and the two countries During the last three decades, they have competed in the implementation of regional policies. During the last three decades, they have competed in the implementation of regional policies

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Investigating ways to improve the sense of security in Sistan and Baluchistan province

hosein molashahi; alireza ghazme; mohammadreza jahantigh pak

Volume 7, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 189-208

Abstract

  The feeling of security is one of the most important psychological needs of humans, which is affected by the social conditions in which a person lives. The feeling of security is related ...  Read More The feeling of security is one of the most important psychological needs of humans, which is affected by the social conditions in which a person lives. The feeling of security is related to many elements of society. The main goal of the current research is to determine ways to improve the sense of security in the citizens of Sistan and Baluchistan province. In order to achieve the above goal, in this research, the effect of each of the seven factors (economic, political, religious, ethnic-religious unity, mass media, performance of security-military-law enforcement officers, criminal justice) on improving the sense of security in the people The province was investigated. This research is of a descriptive-survey type and the studied population includes all the residents of Sistan and Baluchistan province, which were selected using random cluster sampling method, 5 cities (including Zabul, Zahedan, Saravan, Iranshahr and Chabahar) and a sample size of 384 people was selected based on Morgan's table and considering variables such as religion, occupation, gender, education level and age. The information needed for the research was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire with 39 items and on a Likert scale. The hypotheses of the research were tested and confirmed using the "one-sample t-test" test. The results showed that all 7 independent variables studied have an effect on improving the sense of security in the people of Sistan and Baluchistan province.

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The nature and dimensions of the revolution in the vote Ahmad Fardid

jalal sobhanifard; aziz javanpour; reza nasiri hamed

Volume 4, Issue 14 , December 2020, , Pages 195-220

https://doi.org/10.29252/JPS.4.14.195

Abstract

  Revolution is a phenomenon of change in society and politics that is influenced by intellectual foundations. The intellectual and political current of Fardid and his followers, based ...  Read More Revolution is a phenomenon of change in society and politics that is influenced by intellectual foundations. The intellectual and political current of Fardid and his followers, based on their intellectual and philosophical principles, has been particularly influenced by the views of Heidegger and Ibn Arabi. It is believed that historical periods can be explained in terms of semantic meanings contained in them based on one of these names. . Accordingly, this view, based on the wisdom of history, tries to free itself from the shackles of modern humanism and to design a spiritual horizon based on a new relationship with God and also existence. One is the issue of revolution, which is important both conceptually and in terms of Fardid's attention to the two important events of the Constitution and the Islamic Revolution. as well as his approach to history and what he has referred to as historical circumstances, to reread his views on the revolution of his intellectual system and the challenges and The possibilities of raising this issue are explored by him, especially in the horizon of the possibilities of future progress and in launching a new plan in the post-tomorrow thinking of the world.

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Applying the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court to environmental crimes: crimes against humanity and war crimes

parisa esteki

Volume 6, Issue 2 , September 2022

Abstract

  Environmental crimes have destructive effects on nature and natural resources, which are categorized according to severity, the most important issue is the need to criminalize such ...  Read More Environmental crimes have destructive effects on nature and natural resources, which are categorized according to severity, the most important issue is the need to criminalize such crimes against the environment, according to which the relevant norms in These areas can be identified and investigated, in principle, environmental crimes can be definitively reduced when the effects of the importance of such crimes on the internationally perceived international documents point to their destructive nature and humanity. And to be prosecuted by international criminal authorities, which also requires the criminalization of these crimes in the section of major international crimes in the Statute of the only international criminal authority with universal jurisdiction, namely the International Criminal Court. In such circumstances, environmental crimes should be included in the list of identified crimes, such as crimes against humanity and war crimes, so that the Court can pursue them. The research findings are expressed by descriptive-analytical method indicate that the International Criminal Court can classify and prosecute most environmental crimes as war crimes, provided that they occurred during the war, followed by such crimes in the Criminal Court Internationally in accordance with the principle of universal Jurisdiction.

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The policies adopted by the World Health Organization during the process of the Covid-19 epidemic

amirreza mahmoudi; Seyedeh mahshid Miri balajorshari

Volume 7, Issue 1 , April 2023

Abstract

  The World Health Organization was founded in 1948, but its history goes back to the middle of the 19th century. The basis of this background was the need to fight against epidemics ...  Read More The World Health Organization was founded in 1948, but its history goes back to the middle of the 19th century. The basis of this background was the need to fight against epidemics that are beyond the borders of countries. However, the financial and technical opportunities needed to achieve their goals and the cooperation of the member countries were not always at the optimal level and are not. Experience has shown that half of the financial resources include voluntary contributions for specific programs, but the organization refuses to formulate a binding legal rule regarding them, however, it is observed that the member countries due to In the conditions of the epidemic of Covid-19, they act according to the guidelines and guidelines of the World Health Organization. It should be noted that despite all the problems and some mistakes, the organization managed this process correctly with the experience it gained from previous epidemics. However, time will tell whether the World Health Organization and member states can make reforms regarding the structure and how to adapt their regulations to the new global order in the field of health.

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The theological differences between the policies of Western and Iranian pioneers and politicians in the Borjam document around the axis of certainty and uncertainty based on the Halliday model

Ramin Zandi; Mohammad Hossein Sharafzadeh; Ameneh Zare

Volume 5, Issue 18 , December 2021, , Pages 155-166

Abstract

  Analysis of the interaction between political texts and its audience, It is one of the most complex and at the same time fascinating cases and areas that can bring attitudes and views ...  Read More Analysis of the interaction between political texts and its audience, It is one of the most complex and at the same time fascinating cases and areas that can bring attitudes and views towards most of the commitments. Show agreements and what is done in the form of binding and non-binding documents. Based on the descriptive-analytical method, the author, after examining political discourses in terms of critical discourse analysis and revealing the relationship between text and ideology in the Borjam document, showed that no text or speech or writing is neutral. Rather, it depends on the particular situation. This may be completely conscious or unconscious, as well as intentional or unintentional. For this purpose, the researcher based on the Halliday model of fifty sentences(Sentences that have become the material and commentary in the Borjam document (Persian translation)) From Western political figures and fifty sentences from Iranian political figures, taken from Borjam document, Has used content analysis method based on linguistic indicators in this research And in the end, she has mentioned certainty and uncertainty in the sentences of Iranian politicians and Western politicians in the form of statistics, which indicates that she is almost certain .

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Saudi Arabia's aggressive regional policies toward Iran from 2003 to 2020

hanieh karimi; mohammad vali modarres; gholamreza karimi

Volume 5, Issue 19 , January 2022, , Pages 161-178

Abstract

  Saudi Arabia's aggressive regional policies toward Iran from 2003 to 2020AbstractThe present study examines Saudi Arabia's aggressive regional policies toward Iran from 2003 to 2020.Saudi ...  Read More Saudi Arabia's aggressive regional policies toward Iran from 2003 to 2020AbstractThe present study examines Saudi Arabia's aggressive regional policies toward Iran from 2003 to 2020.Saudi Arabia,known before 2003 as a conservative state in the region, has changed its regional policy since 2003,confronting Iran. But the main question of the research is why Saudi Arabia has adopted an aggressive policy towards Iran in the region? In response, it can be said that Saudi Arabia has pursued an aggressive policy against the power and influence of Iran following the developments in the region since 2003 and considering itself as a regional hegemon and leader of the Arab word. Saudi Arabia has also entered into military and arms deals with the United States in response to Iran's nuclear talk,to prevent Iranian influence in the region.The present study is written in the framework of aggressive realism theory and using descriptive-analytical method using library and internet data.Keyword:Saudi Arabia, Iran, region, realism theory

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