The present study aims to investigate and compare the causes and factors affecting the convergence and divergence of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the countries of Iraq and Syria in two time periods:before the Islamic Awakening and after the Islamic Awakening.The method of this study is a comparison that compares the causes and factors of the convergence and divergence of Iran with Iraq and Syria before and after the Islamic Awakening, according to the theory of regionalism.The research findings show that before the Islamic Awakening, geopolitical,historical, religious,and economic factors played a prominent role in shaping Iran's relations with Iraq and Syria,but after the Islamic Awakening,with the emergence of terrorist and extremist groups,changes in regional power equations,and the intervention of trans-regional actors,new dimensions have been added to convergence and divergence.During this period,convergences have been formed mostly around the fight against terrorism, maintaining regional stability and security,and strengthening the axis of resistance,while divergences have also intensified due to the changing domestic political arrangements of countries, regional rivalries, and pressure from great powers.This research ultimately aims to more accurately explain patterns of convergence and divergence and provide solutions for deepening common ground and managing differences in line with national and regional interests.