Journal of Political Strategy

Obstacles of Constitutional Intellectuals in Forming the Public Sphere as a Prelude to Iranian Democracy

reza mirzad; Maghsoud Ranjbar; Mohammad Hossein Asadi Davoodabadi

Volume 4, Issue 13 , September 2020, , Pages 171-183

Abstract

  This study tries to examine the role of intellectuals of the constitutional era in the formation of the public sphere and to answer the question of why Iranian intellectuals have not ...  Read More This study tries to examine the role of intellectuals of the constitutional era in the formation of the public sphere and to answer the question of why Iranian intellectuals have not been able to turn a critical dialogue culture as a prelude to democracy in Iran into a public phenomenon. ? Findings of this study Using analytical, descriptive method and using library collection, it has been concluded that the authoritarian nature of government in Iran, the power of the powerful to dominate their votes, dominance and addressing the subordinates and appearances instead of the principle and foundation by intellectuals. This historical (constitutional) period prevented the culture of dialogue from becoming a critical prelude to democracy in Iran.

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Strategies for the realization of the declaration of the second step of the Islamic Revolution in the field of promoting the empowerment of the regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran in West Asia

Saeed Hassan Khani

Volume 5, Issue 17 , September 2021, , Pages 177-208

Abstract

  In the period of geopolitical transition, each country establishes its position in the pyramid of global power based on the activities and achievements achieved in this period. The ...  Read More In the period of geopolitical transition, each country establishes its position in the pyramid of global power based on the activities and achievements achieved in this period. The main purpose of this study is to identify strategies for maximizing the power of Iran's regions in the geopolitical transition period in West Asia. The research question is how Iran can increase its regional power in this transition period. The type of applied research and the method of doing it are also descriptive and case-contextual. The results show that in the geopolitical transition period, Iran can take advantage of the geopolitical opportunities and advantages of this period to maximize the power of its regions by formulating a geopolitical strategy and regional networking, active access to the network of brokers and agents. Internalize power in the face of threats and pave the way for the realization of the declaration of the second step of the Islamic Revolution in the regional sphere.

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United States tools to limit Iran's geopolitical territorialization

Farzin Zandi

Volume 5, Issue 16 , May 2021, , Pages 197-218

Abstract

  Iran's tendency to create a regional map has led to the expansion of Iran's influence and increased geopolitical power due to elements such as the country's geopolitical situation and ...  Read More Iran's tendency to create a regional map has led to the expansion of Iran's influence and increased geopolitical power due to elements such as the country's geopolitical situation and the adoption of a strategy to activate foreign non-state actors as regional arms. These reasons have created a growing sense of threat among the Persian Gulf states and Israel (as key US allies) and the need for convergence among them. In this study, we sought to answer the question of how and to what extent US sanctions have been able to affect Iran's domestic situation and regional approach. By continuing the strategy of " Containment" Iran and using " Coercive Diplomacy", the United States is trying to keep Iran in a kind of political-economic and geopolitical siege by smartening sanctions and maintaining and effectively regulating them, and the possibility of growth and foreign investment in Iran's economy to prevent. The consequences of imposing sanctions have weakened economic power and intensified the challenge of political-economic management inside Iran, and consequently, reduced the ability of Iran to support its proxy network as the main factor in the geopolitical realm of this country.

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The influence of the middle class on political competitions in the Islamic Republic of Iran (case study: 1997-2013)

Alijan Moradi joo

Volume 6, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 205-232

Abstract

  Iran's Islamic revolution, with every analysis that has been presented about its occurrence, caused vast changes in Iranian society. These changes have also been effective in the class ...  Read More Iran's Islamic revolution, with every analysis that has been presented about its occurrence, caused vast changes in Iranian society. These changes have also been effective in the class structure of the society and brought about changes in it. So that despite the participation of the middle class, both traditional and new, in the victory process of the Islamic Revolution; But gradually, with the passage of time, the traditional middle class strata in competition with the new middle class strata gained more influence on the political decision-making process and control over economic and political funds and resources. In terms of methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study that has been used to collect information from library and documentary methods. In total, the results of the research show that despite the formation and growth of the traditional and new middle class in the period of construction, but in the period of reforms, we witness the peak of the political action of the new middle class and in the period of fundamentalism, we witness the peak of the political action of the traditional middle class in political competitions.

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The effect of human rights on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran

SIAVASH RAHPEIK; seyed bagher mirabasi; asgar imani

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 207-230

Abstract

  This article is taken from a doctoral thesis entitled "The role of cement in the promotion and development of human rights and its impact on the national security situation of the Islamic ...  Read More This article is taken from a doctoral thesis entitled "The role of cement in the promotion and development of human rights and its impact on the national security situation of the Islamic Republic of Iran". In order to reach a clear understanding of the spheres of influence of human rights and to clarify the relationship between national security issues and the activities of non-governmental human rights organizations, this article has explained and distinguished between opportunities and threats in this field.In this research, we have used quantitative and library methods to achieve the research goals. By carefully studying sources, conducting in-depth interviews with decision-makers and influencers in this area, and using the experiences of attending international forums, the way human rights cements influence and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been investigated. The results of this research lead us to the point that although the semans have a direct and positive effect in the promotion, development and protection of human rights, but the instrumental and political use of non-governmental organizations in relations, international political competitions, which is in conflict with the sovereignty And security is also possible.

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Evaluating the competence of professional human resources for the post-corona era

Fatemeh Noori; m y

Volume 7, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 209-227

Abstract

  . The current research is an applied research. It is also descriptive and correlational in order to collect information. The statistical population of this research is made up of 335 ...  Read More . The current research is an applied research. It is also descriptive and correlational in order to collect information. The statistical population of this research is made up of 335 people from the managers of the state banks in Tehran, selected by stratified random sampling method. In this research, regarding the collection of information related to the literature of the subject and the background of the research, library methods have been used, and field methods have been used to collect information to confirm or reject the components of the research. In order to analyze the data according to the research questions, descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used. In the descriptive part, descriptive statistical indicators such as mean and standard deviation were used to describe the research variables, as well as tables, figures and graphs to describe the demographic information obtained from the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used in the inferential part according to the nature of the research. Data were analyzed using path analysis tests. It should be noted that 24V-SPSS and smartPLS2 statistical software were used for data analysis. The results showed that the competencies of managers in state banks include individual, technical, interactive and executive competencies

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US foreign policy towards Egypt after the Al-Sisi coup

seyyed ahmadreza Fayazi; mohammadreza dehshiri

Volume 4, Issue 14 , December 2020, , Pages 221-245

https://doi.org/10.29252/JPS.4.14.221

Abstract

  US strategic relations with Egypt peaked during the time of Anwar Sadat, and it was after the peace talks at Camp David (September 1978) that military and economic cooperation between ...  Read More US strategic relations with Egypt peaked during the time of Anwar Sadat, and it was after the peace talks at Camp David (September 1978) that military and economic cooperation between Egypt and the United States intensified and the two countries established close ties. US interests in Egypt include securing Israel and maintaining the 1979 peace treaty, fighting terrorism and controlling fundamentalism, countering the expansion of Russian influence in Egypt and the Middle East, maintaining the US gateway to the region and leading the Arab world, and improving bilateral relations. Maintaining stability and balance of power in the region and military cooperation. The question that the authors of the present study have tried to answer with a descriptive-analytical method and using the theory of defensive realism is what was the foreign policy of the United States towards Egypt after Al-Sisi came to power and what are the goals of the United States? In response, it can be pointed out that US foreign policy is to exploit Egypt for its own interests, and that the US approach has been to pursue a dual and contradictory policy; The United States, on the one hand, is calling for democracy, and on the other, endorsing al-Sisi's government, whose first priority is to ensure stability and peace, maintain a peace treaty with Israel, and maintain its position in Egypt. US-Egyptian relations are aimed at maintaining regional stability, maintaining the 1979 Egypt-Israel peace treaty, and improving bilateral relations.

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The role of cyberspace management strategies in the approach of political participation with citizens

Alireza Kazemizad Haidar Baghi; Hossein Ahmadisefidan; Aziz Javanpour Heravi; Ehsan Shakeri

Volume 6, Issue 1 , June 2022

Abstract

  This study aims to provide a suitable strategy for cyberspace management with a political participation approach using the SWOT technique. The research method was descriptive-correlation. ...  Read More This study aims to provide a suitable strategy for cyberspace management with a political participation approach using the SWOT technique. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study included all citizens of Tabriz in 2021. The number of them was unlimited and unknown, which according to Cochran's formula, 384 people were used by simple random sampling method. Data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire of 51 researcher-made questions to measure the extracted strategies and the standard questionnaire of political participation Farajzadeh (2014). Descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software were used to analyze quantitative data. The results showed that conservative strategy and defensive strategy in cyberspace management have an adverse effect on citizens 'political participation and offensive strategy and competitive strategy in space management have a positive effect on citizens' political participation. And the rate of political participation of 8.3% of citizens was very low, 17.4% low, 38.3% moderate, 21.4% high and 14.8% very high. In general, the political participation of citizens is moderate.

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The obligations of the governments to support and use the groundwater and the aqueducts with the emphasis on the Iranian government

nadereh sadat nabavi; Mahdi firoozabadian

Volume 6, Issue 2 , September 2022

Abstract

  Given the widespread drought, the water scarcity and declining the groundwater levels, all governments must make efforts to reduce the groundwater exploitation. In this paper, we have ...  Read More Given the widespread drought, the water scarcity and declining the groundwater levels, all governments must make efforts to reduce the groundwater exploitation. In this paper, we have tried to examine the most important actions of some governments in order to support the groundwater, as well as the commitments and efforts of the Iranian government to support the groundwater, especially aqueducts. In this research, which has been conducted by the library study and descriptive-analytical method, the results show that Iran is obliged to maintain the aqueducts and the groundwater according to important principles such as the commitment to the prevention, the commitment to the cooperation and the commitment to the information and the public participation. Regarding the taken measures in Iran, it can be said that the Iranian government has taken action to protect the aqueducts by passing the national laws and regulations, as well as the policies and the executive measures.

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Application of screenwriting method in political participation and elections in Iran

mojtaba miri; habib atanejad

Volume 6, Issue 3 , November 2022

Abstract

  The purpose of this paper is to provide a new model for using futures research in strategic topics. Futurism is a look with logical adaptation to the future from a specific perspective ...  Read More The purpose of this paper is to provide a new model for using futures research in strategic topics. Futurism is a look with logical adaptation to the future from a specific perspective and a broad tool in the field of methodology to address future uncertainties. One of the most important methods of future research in elections and political participation is the script writing method. Examining the main contribution of scenarios to our future success goes back to our empowerment in turning uncertainty into a source of superiority and is essential. Given that each topic has a specific context and takes a specific path to develop a scenario, it seems necessary to provide a new model. This writing, as a basic writing, seeks to answer the question of predicting elections using futures research and scenario writing. In fact, it examines the use of script writing methods in elections and predicts the future for the space of political participation and elections.

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A Comparative Study of Iran's Foreign Policy Strategies Against Government Secrets and Its Impact on Freedom of Information in Iran and the Russian Legal System

hengame mahdizadeh

Volume 5, Issue 19 , January 2022, , Pages 179-196

Abstract

  Today, freedom and the right of access to information are among the rights that contribute to the realization of the concept of citizenship, which is one of the main issues in the discourse ...  Read More Today, freedom and the right of access to information are among the rights that contribute to the realization of the concept of citizenship, which is one of the main issues in the discourse of participatory democracy. In fact, the greater the quantity and quality of information available to citizens, the more pervasive democracy and participation will be. Recognition of this right, therefore, not only changes the structure of governments but also changes the traditional role of governments, meaning that in the light of the implementation of freedom of information and access rights laws, unlike in the past when they owned information, Citizens' access to documents and information in government offices,organizations and institutions is a right that exists for citizens. But is this right considered by government institutions or not? Or what will be the effect of citizens' access or non-access to administrative documents and information on the efficiency of the administrative system? It is a question that arises. The studies were conducted in the form of a library and the collected materials were analyzed,and finally it was determined that the efficiency of the country's administrative system in which access to information is due to lack of transparency and full accountability

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Futurism of Convergent or Divergent Relations between the United States and the European Union by 2030 on Important International Issues

abouzar nazari; parviz ahadi; Mohammad Yousefi Joybari

Volume 4, Issue 13 , September 2020, , Pages 185-205

Abstract

  National interests are the main essence of international politics and power is also the main tool in achieving goals. It is necessary to pay attention to the relations between the United ...  Read More National interests are the main essence of international politics and power is also the main tool in achieving goals. It is necessary to pay attention to the relations between the United States and the European Union and to examine their positions. In the present study, which is forward-looking in terms of research design, after conducting the necessary analysis on the positions of European and American officials and politicians and conducting content analysis, in 3 general sections as 9 scenarios in relation to the areas of convergence and The divergence of the two great powers is addressed by 2030. The general parts of the scenario are: future developments in the structure of the international system, terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, the Middle East, and the Arab-Israeli peace process. The results show that the convergent and divergent dimensions of the EU-US relationship depend on their area of ​​interest. Areas with common interests will converge and areas with conflicting interests will see divergence.

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Geopolitical analysis of the components of convergence and divergence in the Islamic world

Ezatallah Ezati; Ebrahim Eijabi; Reza Mokhtari

Volume 5, Issue 17 , September 2021, , Pages 209-231

Abstract

  Geographical regions have moved toward convergence and cooperation based on common mental concepts and with regard to common structures and functions, and have been able to move their ...  Read More Geographical regions have moved toward convergence and cooperation based on common mental concepts and with regard to common structures and functions, and have been able to move their region toward sustainable development and security. One of the sensitive and strategic areas in the equations of the structure of the power pyramid of the Islamic world. Despite the mental and objective similarities in the Islamic world to create a coherent regional organization based on building power, this region is considered one of the most tense regions in the world. The purpose of this research is to examine how the Islamic world can be imagined under the influence of domestic and international conditions in the next decade. In this research, Peter Schwartz's future research approach and scenario writing method have been used. The findings of the research have shown that by recognizing multiple drivers in objective and subjective dimensions on a regional and global scale, two uncertainties regarding the future of power building in the Islamic world in the next decade were identified, which include increasing or decreasing the involvement of extra-regional powers in Islamic world and also the increase or decrease of ethnic and religious challenges in the Islamic world. Three scenarios have been designed based on these uncertainties, which include the convergence of power construction in the next decade in the Islamic world, further divergence, and maintaining the status quo. The results of the research show that by reducing the involvement of extra-regional powers and reducing ethnic and religious challenges, the Islamic world will move towards convergence. If the involvement of extra-regional powers increases and ethnic-religious challenges increase, the Islamic world will go towards further divergence. Also, if the involvement of extra-regional powers decreases and the ethno-religious challenges increase, we will witness the continuation of the existing situation.

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China and soft power (with an emphasis on post-American world literature)

majid dashtgerd; Isa Moradi Afrapoli; Ramin Bakhshi

Volume 5, Issue 16 , May 2021, , Pages 219-237

Abstract

  The post-American world denotes the status and condition of the international system in an age of challenges for the American hegemony and the blossoming of a series of new actors. ...  Read More The post-American world denotes the status and condition of the international system in an age of challenges for the American hegemony and the blossoming of a series of new actors. Most intellectuals working in this area have regarded China as one of the most potential newly-emerging powers, contending that China will play a vital role in the future of the international system. This paper attempted to demonstrate the significant position of transformation in power sources and the significance of soft power for China in the post-American world, and that how China will attempt to use soft mechanisms to reinforce its capability and influence in that new context. This paper mainly researched China's one source of soft power, including economy, and expounded several mechanisms within this source in the form of indicators and strategies of China's soft power. The author will answer the research hypothesis by the analytical-descriptive method and presenting empirical evidence and logical analysis.

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Analysis of Key Factors and Driving Forces Influencing the Future Status of the Geopolitical Situation in the Persian Gulf Region

Reza Rahimi; Kiomars Yazdan Panah

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 231-260

Abstract

  The geopolitical landscape of the Persian Gulf region has witnessed significant transformations in recent decades, marked by considerable tensions and conflicts among active political ...  Read More The geopolitical landscape of the Persian Gulf region has witnessed significant transformations in recent decades, marked by considerable tensions and conflicts among active political actors in the region, especially the neighboring countries of the Persian Gulf. Currently, amidst new developments, whispers about reducing tensions among regional countries, especially Iran and Saudi Arabia, are heard, which could potentially influence the geopolitical situation of the Persian Gulf region and improve future conditions in terms of economic, security, military, cultural, and environmental cooperation platforms. This research is premised on the notion that achieving peaceful convergence based on the mutual interests and needs of countries, such as economic, military, energy, and environmental needs, will create favorable conditions across various domains within the region. The aim of this research is to analyze the key factors and driving forces affecting the future status of the geopolitical situation in the Persian Gulf region. The present study is based on an exploratory-applied research method, and the necessary data have been obtained through interviews with experts. The research findings indicate that the influential factors on the future status of the geopolitical situation in the Persian Gulf region include, in order, factors such as extra-regional partners, the influence of major powers, establishing a common market, maritime cooperation, oil and gas trade, arms competitions, intra-regional conflicts, exchange rates, goods transit, and China's entry. Proper utilization of these key factors can lead to geopolitical convergence in the region.

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Judicial Investigation of Terrorist Crimes within the Jurisdiction of National and International Criminal Courts

Peyman Namamian; alireza shekarbeigi

Volume 6, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 233-253

Abstract

  Terrorist crimes are one of the most basic and fundamental challenges of the international system and the most terrible threat against the fundamental rights and freedoms of nations. ...  Read More Terrorist crimes are one of the most basic and fundamental challenges of the international system and the most terrible threat against the fundamental rights and freedoms of nations. The international community, which was faced with the phenomenon of terrorism in the second half of the 20th century, responded by accepting a set of international and even regional conventions for specific types of terrorist crimes and the commitment of governments. After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, global efforts against terrorism increased. Of course, these incidents were committed in such a way that the international community plans to revise the legal, security and technical systems and mechanisms in the international and national arenas in relation to the identification and assessment of threats caused by contemporary terrorist crimes. Terrorist crimes are currently considered as a treaty crime, which can be prosecuted in any territory due to its international and transnational nature. Of course, this is due to the legal status of each territorial territory in terms of accepting international jurisdiction in dealing with terrorist crimes. In addition, this category of crimes, due to the characteristics of international crimes, has the possibility to be under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.

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The role of geography in the spread of socialism

Soheila abbaspour; Yadollah karimipour; Mohammad javad gholamreza kashi; Afshin mottaghi

Volume 4, Issue 14 , December 2020, , Pages 263-286

Abstract

  Geographical environment is an effective factor in theorizing and formulating theory. The importance and role of geography is shown when the implementation of theory and strategy in ...  Read More Geographical environment is an effective factor in theorizing and formulating theory. The importance and role of geography is shown when the implementation of theory and strategy in practice is faced with a crisis, so the need for successful theorizing and strategy is to be formulated through attention to geography. One of the ideologies that emerged with the promise of a better world and an ideal life is socialism, which remains in the realm of the universe. Unlike socialism, Marxism lasted for a period of time and then gradually disappeared with the departure from the basic principles. The adaptation of the principles of socialism to the geographical environment has been effective in its sustainability and dynamism, because democratic ideas and ideas are easily adapted to the environment and do not face a crisis in principle. Geographical space, according to its natural and human needs, created various forms of socialist arrangements in the twentieth century, which did not work the same in different regions and had weaknesses and intensities. Eastern European-type socialism (Marxism-Leninism) is based on the dry and harsh geography of Russia and the cold climate of Eastern Europe, as well as the geographical strait, aggressive, violent, highly centralized state-centered socialism in which the center of power is in the hands of the party. It will be based on military force. The present study in the context of modern phenomenology and analytical method seeks to explain the role of geography in the entry of socialism into Russia.

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Azerbaijan's Foreign Policy toward Israel: Opportunities and Threats

Hamed Hajati; abdollmajid seifi

Volume 6, Issue 3 , November 2022

Abstract

  The foreign policy of governments in the international system consists of a set of internal and external interests of the that international actors see in relation to other actors in ...  Read More The foreign policy of governments in the international system consists of a set of internal and external interests of the that international actors see in relation to other actors in the international environment based on their own assessment of national interests assessment reveals national interests under the framework of "opportunities" and "threats".Therefore, with the knowledge of this framework in foreign policy, this article seeks to assess the foreign policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan towards Israel based on the theory of new classical realism. The main question of the current research is, what are the opportunities and threats facing the Republic of Azerbaijan towards the direction of the foreign policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan towards Israel? The findings show that the foreign policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan towards Israel includes opportunities for balance of power, strengthening of the economic base, the development of military industries, the acquisition of new technologies, the strengthening of bargaining power against Iran and Armenia, and threats, including the blurring of relations with Iran, ,, the region has created an ideological contradiction for the republic.This research has been done by using descriptive-analytical method.

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Analysis of Iranian society structures; In modern times

siavash mousavirakati

Volume 7, Issue 3 , December 2023

Abstract

  The planned research is a quantitative research that was conducted with a survey method.The aim of this research was to show the priority of each structure in the level of underdevelopment ...  Read More The planned research is a quantitative research that was conducted with a survey method.The aim of this research was to show the priority of each structure in the level of underdevelopment of Iranian society by ranking the different structures of the Iranian society and ranking its indicators.The following results were obtained:The comparison of the average ranks based on the Friedman test shows that the most important indicators of underdevelopment according to the studied people are, respectively, social structure 5.89, cultural structure 5.06, geographical structure 3.27, economic structure 3.09, legal structure 29. 2, and the political structure is 1/40 Also, among the indicators of social structure, respectively, party-playing and rent-seeking 7/83, individualism 6/31, traditionalism and conservatism 6/26, uncriticism 6/18, indifference 6/14 Among the indicators of the cultural structure, 6/96 people are ethnocentric, 6/64 are liars, jealous, hypocrites and flatterers, 6/33 alienation from history, Among the indicators of geographical structure, in the order of foreign sanctions 4.02, interference by foreigners 3.64, strategic location 3.52, attacks by foreigners 3.49, Among the indicators of economic structure, lack of technological development and industrial progress 5.18, lack of free public education 4.99, lack of sufficient income 4.34, lack of economic growth 3.57 have

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The security policy model of the police force in the framework of Khajeh Nasir's political philosophy, relying on the second step of the revolution

mohammad sajad shiroody

Volume 5, Issue 17 , September 2021, , Pages 233-248

Abstract

  Muslim thinkers have long emphasized the strong relationship between religion and politics in Islamic political thought, and some even believe that the inherent link between the religion ...  Read More Muslim thinkers have long emphasized the strong relationship between religion and politics in Islamic political thought, and some even believe that the inherent link between the religion of Islam as a comprehensive program for regulating human life and politics as a necessary tool to achieve this There is a plan, but it must be acknowledged that sharing the views of Muslim thinkers on the existence of politics and religion in Islam does not necessarily mean that they agree on all the relevant details. In fact, it can be said that the multiplicity of interpretations and interpretations began from the time of the demise of the Prophet of Islam and continues to this day, some offer pro-democracy views and some offer anti-Islamic views. One of these scholars is Khajeh Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, who has practiced politics with a practical view during the time of the Mongols and turned their savagery into the peace of society. In the book of Nasiri ethics, he presents a political security model in the police force and updates it with the second step of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and the key word of justice by the Supreme Leader in the country.

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Cultural capital and the hegemony of the traditional middle class (Case study: 1978-1981)

Alijan Moradi joo

Volume 5, Issue 16 , May 2021, , Pages 239-259

Abstract

  The aim of this study is to explain the role of cultural capital of the traditional middle class in their hegemonisation over other political groups during the formation of the Islamic ...  Read More The aim of this study is to explain the role of cultural capital of the traditional middle class in their hegemonisation over other political groups during the formation of the Islamic Revolution using Pierre Bourdieu's theory of field and capital. Methodologically, it is a causal study that uses library methods to gather information. The central question of the research is that "What cultural assets did the traditional middle class use in the field of competition to be hegemonic over other political groups during the formation of the Islamic Revolution from 1978 to 1981, and how were these resources and capital used?". The results Indicate that the traditional middle class during the formation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran through the proper use of various cultural and symbolic capitals such as historical and communicative capitals, the charismatic role of Imam Khomeini, ideology (religion), a large network of clerics, mosques, Social and cultural authority was able to defeat other rivals and gain a hegemonic position in the structure of political power.

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An analysis of the consequences of the Authoritarian Reform considering the reforms of The Crown Prince Abbas Mirza Qajar

Farideh Farahmandzadeh; Saeed Sadeghi

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 261-282

Abstract

  As with other vertical reforms, Abbas Mirza, the Crown Price, used an authoritarian approach. This method was immediate and the only known method in the Tribal Union which was formed ...  Read More As with other vertical reforms, Abbas Mirza, the Crown Price, used an authoritarian approach. This method was immediate and the only known method in the Tribal Union which was formed based on conquest. The Charisma played an important role in this method relied on cult of personality. Complications resulted from/to such an approach led to contradiction and obstacles to reforms. Relying on the cult of personality leads to relying on a tradition which contradicts with the pluralistic and codified nature of modernism.Because of this repetitive approach, explaining the authoritarian method in the era of FathAli-Shah, as the commence of western modernism, is necessary to realize the motivations and solutions. We try to prove that the complications from the authoritarian method, including getting stuck in dysfunctional traditions, not having codified plan, and resorting to the mentioned traditions to avoid them, nullified the achievements of the reforms. In fact, the lack of an independent, committed and documented bureaucracy not only intensified the military and competitive approach, but also trapped in dysfunctional traditions through dependence on traditional tools and thoughts. A historical pathology to provide a pattern of obstacles and causes is the first step to avoid such situations and social blockage.

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The theory of the ability to discover the cause in jurisprudence rulings in the international arena

Abolfazl Eliasi; Mohammad Ali Kheyrollahi; Ali Faghihi

Volume 4, Issue 14 , December 2020, , Pages 287-310

Abstract

  Divine decrees have wisdom and reason. The necessity and sanctity of rulings or their validity and invalidity is not based on wisdom, but based on the reason of those rulings, and we ...  Read More Divine decrees have wisdom and reason. The necessity and sanctity of rulings or their validity and invalidity is not based on wisdom, but based on the reason of those rulings, and we usually do not have access to understand the reason of rulings, although we may be able to obtain some of the wisdom of rulings. The jurists have always tried to remove the veil of the cause of Sharia rulings by applying appropriate methods and rules and be ready to respond to the jurisprudential problems of the people along with the rapid developments of the human society. Satisfying with the few findings of empirical sciences to recover the wisdom of divine decrees is another type of narrow-mindedness in the precise understanding of the wisdom of the decrees. According to the narrations, which have been confirmed by scientists, the human intellect in the end of time, when it reaches its perfection, is only able to discover a few sciences, that too in the field of experimental and human sciences. Therefore, with these many limitations, human reason cannot restrict and change divine revelation and absolute knowledge by means of its imperfect and small reason. However, some of the wisdom that is intended for jurisprudence can be understood by the imperfect human intellect, and understanding it will be within the power of jurists. For a more complete understanding of jurisprudence, the role of causes, manats and criteria and its adaptation to issues is very deep and effective. This research, by delving into Islamic sources and the opinion of jurists, has dealt with the ability to discover the cause in the rulings of jurisprudence and the explanation and development of the issue in the international arena.

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Investigating the Responsibility of Governments on the Basis of International Principles on Dust in Southern and Western Iran

mostafa somali; seid bagher mir abassi; mansoor atasheneh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 November 2021

Abstract

  Dust phenomena are natural phenomena that occur in arid, semi-arid regions, especially in the tropics. The main causes of dust, especially in the south and west of Iran, can be considered ...  Read More Dust phenomena are natural phenomena that occur in arid, semi-arid regions, especially in the tropics. The main causes of dust, especially in the south and west of Iran, can be considered as atmospheric instability in the deserts of Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait and Syria, the occurrence of successive droughts with high intensity and extent in the absence of vegetation. Combining climate phenomenon with human activities and their habitat patterns increases soil degradation, wind erosion, desertification, and nutrient requirements of plants intensifying dust storms. The purpose of this study is to review the legal responsibility of governments on the basis of international legal principles regarding the phenomenon of particulate matter. One of the most important tasks of governments based on these principles is to adopt an environmental protection policy.The researcher in this study intends to emphasize the responsibility of governments to implement some short and long term policies and strategies to improve infrastructure facilities and management methods in sensitive areas of the country to provide the necessary recommendations and suggestions.

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Educational and reform principles of government officials with an emphasis on the teachings of Nahj al-Balagha

amirreza mahmoudi; seyedeh mahshid miri balajorshari

Volume 6, Issue 3 , November 2022

Abstract

  In political systems, the issue of education, reform and selection of government officials is considered one of the important issues. So that the stability and sustainability of any ...  Read More In political systems, the issue of education, reform and selection of government officials is considered one of the important issues. So that the stability and sustainability of any government system depends on paying attention to these things. Therefore, in the Islamic political system, especially in Shiite political thought, special attention has been paid to the educational and reform principles of government officials, which is clearly stated in the Nahj al-Balagha. The importance of the discussion becomes clear when the lack of attention to the issue of reforming and training government officials is considered one of the reasons for the destruction and degeneration of political systems. Therefore, the analysis of issues related to the education, selection and selection of government officials according to the political teachings of Nahj al Balaga can show the correct ways of implementing Islamic rules in the form of politicized systems and the efficiency and success of the political-Shia system. In this article, the educational and reform principles and the selection of government officials in the thoughts of Hazrat Ali and the criteria for the selection of statesmen and the methods of monitoring government officials will be examined in the form of a theoretical and qualitative study.

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