Journal of Political Strategy

Chaibol and the US Military-Industrial Complex: South Korea's Cold War Geopolitical Economy and Industrialization

Sahel Abdollahii Manesh; Ramin Bakhshi

Volume 4, Issue 12 , June 2020, , Pages 143-168

Abstract

       Among researchers in East Asia, the role of the United States Navy (OSP) and the Military-Industrial Complex (MIC) in ignoring the rapid industrial change has ...  Read More      Among researchers in East Asia, the role of the United States Navy (OSP) and the Military-Industrial Complex (MIC) in ignoring the rapid industrial change has been overlooked. However, the foundations of industrialization in places like South Korea, given the strong analytical conditions of the "national-regional" and the central government, are so-called "new Weber-new" and are still insufficient. A geopolitical economic approach focusing on the role of OSP and relations in the US MIC will shed light on the social and intellectual dimensions of Korea's industrial success during the Vietnam War, which were largely absent from the new Weber-New reports. . In particular, we look at the involvement of the Chang Hei Park regime in the Vietnam War and development with Korean industrial Chaibol, such as Hyundai, and argue that the success of the developing country of South Korea and Chaibol by joining the US MIC through OSP became possible.

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US and European reaction to Russia's policies in Eastern Europe

seyed javad sebtahmad

Volume 2, Issue 7 , December 2019, , Pages 147-161

Abstract

  In the aftermath of the Cold War and NATO's ultimate goal of increasing its readiness to respond to potential threats from Moscow, NATO took a hostile approach by increasing and deploying ...  Read More In the aftermath of the Cold War and NATO's ultimate goal of increasing its readiness to respond to potential threats from Moscow, NATO took a hostile approach by increasing and deploying its troops in Eastern Europe, a move that changed Moscow's attitude towards Its national security doctrines are considered to be NATO. Moscow considers NATO to be merely composed of US-affiliated countries, for this purposeEurope's reactions to Russia's policies in the East include paving the way for new members to join the bloc, European integration measures and EU sanctions against Russia, as well as analyzing US reactions to Russia's policies in the East. East includes the deployment of a missile defense shield and NATO expansion eastward, the withdrawal from the START treaty and the modernization of nuclear weapons, the color revolutions, and the strategic and security confrontation between the United States and Russia in Eastern Europe. The purpose of this study is to examine the reaction of the United States and Europe to Russia's policies in Eastern Europe. The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and the collection of materials has been done in the form of libraries, magazines, articles and online publications in this field.

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China's Economic Activities in Iran Under the Belt and Road Initiative: Opportunity or Challenge?

Song Jiangbo; Wang Zezhuang

Volume 3, Issue 11 , March 2020, , Pages 149-162

Abstract

  As an international project, the Belt and Road Initiative includes strategic areas covering 65 countries. Given that Iran is at the heart of this road and China recognizes Iran as a ...  Read More As an international project, the Belt and Road Initiative includes strategic areas covering 65 countries. Given that Iran is at the heart of this road and China recognizes Iran as a strategic actor on this road, the type of policy the two countries have taken in relation to this initiative is crucial. In addition, economic activity has long been a central focus of Iran-China relations. The automotive industry is crucial to both countries as one of the driving forces of the growing economies. Iran's failed experience of working with Western companies as well as China's rapid progress in this area provides the potential for greater cooperation in this initiative. In this regard, this article attempts to answer some of the most important questions in this regard: What is the impact of Iran-China trade and investment on Iran's automobile industry? Will China's trade and investment in Iran put the development of the automobile industry in Iran at risk? Does China's influence on products and capital drive the automobile manufacturing industry in Iran? This article firstly studies the Iran-China trade relations within a one-way belt and explains why we have focused on the automotive industry. Then we will outline the main factors of China's foreign investment in the industry

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Designing Iran's supernatural nuclear energy model by systematically reviewing previous studies

sonaz nasiri

Volume 3, Issue 9 , September 2019, , Pages 155-182

Abstract

  Analyzing the level of demand and energy supply in the world, paying attention to the process of depleting fossil resources in the coming decades and the environmental benefits of nuclear ...  Read More Analyzing the level of demand and energy supply in the world, paying attention to the process of depleting fossil resources in the coming decades and the environmental benefits of nuclear energy are some of the factors that have made nuclear energy one of the most accessible and reliable carriers. Energy in the world. The purpose of this study is to design a transcendental model of Iran's nuclear energy by systematically reviewing previous studies. The research method in this study is qualitative and a kind of study called metatarkib, which uses library method to collect data. The study population includes all articles related to the research topic. In order to conduct research after designing research questions, a systematic search based on the keywords related - nuclear energy, sanctions, the consequences of sanctions - from the Rand database took place between 2008 and early 2016. Examining 20 of the 214 original articles, the researcher asked 3 questions and 13 components as the consequences and effects of Iran's nuclear energy, which was mentioned in various foreign studies from 2008 to early 2016; Have identified. This article identifies the implications and implications of Iran's nuclear energy, which is based on available sources from 2008 to 2016; It can be used as a basis for government planning in domestic and foreign policy.

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Geoterrorism and the US Counterterrorism Discourse in the New Millennium Order

Majid Abbasi; Sarem Shiravand; Mohammad javad Fathi

Volume 3, Issue 10 , December 2019, , Pages 157-182

Abstract

  In the post-Cold War space, the geopolitical and practical model of US political and security officials has been formulated that there should be no room for the emergence of potential ...  Read More In the post-Cold War space, the geopolitical and practical model of US political and security officials has been formulated that there should be no room for the emergence of potential threats. Therefore, geopolitical discourse as a major tool in US foreign policy has become a reality, and Americans have labeled "political Islam" as a symbol of terrorism. In this regard, US geopolitical discourse was implemented by activating a pre-emptive war strategy to realize geopolitical interests: interventionism, counterterrorism, unilateralism, and ideological conflict, which can be referred to as geoterrorism strategy. . To put it another way, new post-Cold War semantic and discourse forms were introduced by the United States to antagonize and alienate them, which apparently put the fight against violence and terrorism at the forefront of its global geopolitical agenda. So the main question of this study is what is the relationship between geoterrorism and the US counterterrorism discourse in the post-Cold War order? The research hypothesis is that: "Geoterrorism is the bedrock of the discourse and the basis of US strategic policy in the post-Cold War space through which it fights against fundamentalist terrorism and the enemy of Western civilization (Islam) as its ideological counterpart after the fall of the Soviet Union. It has sought to fulfill its strategic demands, especially in the West Asian region."

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The effect of the accessionism of the GCC countries on relations with Iran

masoud motallebi; seyed mohammadreza mousavi; edris salari

Volume 1, Issue 1 , August 2017, , Pages 159-182

Abstract

  One of the important theories in the field of international relations is neorealism, which, considering the material structure of the international system, analyzes the behavior of ...  Read More One of the important theories in the field of international relations is neorealism, which, considering the material structure of the international system, analyzes the behavior of countries in the international system and considers the balance of power as the main factor in this analysis. But among neorealists, Stephen Walt points to a point that contrasts with the balance of power. For the first time in the collection of neorealist thinkers, Walt introduces immaterial factors in the analysis of behavior in the form of threats. According to him, the increase of power should be manifested in the form of threat and mere increase of power does not mean threat, but the mental perception of the threat is important and analyzes the behavior of a country if it is considered a threat in the form of annexationist strategy. Contrary to the balance of power and the unity of different countries, in order to avoid the threat, in this approach, the target country turns to annexation or relying on a superior power. In this study, we examine the accession of the Persian Gulf countries (Cooperation Council) to the United States as a supra-regional power over the perception of Iran as a threat and the impact of this strategy on bilateral relations.

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Feasibility study of China-Iran cooperation in Central Asia based on realist views

aboumohammad asgharkhani; mohammadbagher mokaramipour; sobhan mohammadi

Volume 3, Issue 8 , June 2019, , Pages 161-187

Abstract

  The transformation of the Soviet Union and its disintegration into emerging political entities created a new chapter in the nature of politics in areas that were formerly part of this ...  Read More The transformation of the Soviet Union and its disintegration into emerging political entities created a new chapter in the nature of politics in areas that were formerly part of this superpower. One of the most important of these areas was Central Asia. Following this discussion, China and Iran emerged as two regional powers to play a role in the region, despite differences, rivalries, and sometimes conflicting interests, along with historical and cultural ties with Central Asian countries. Central Asia has the potential to become a platform for cooperation and pursuit of common interests for both countries. So a regional study, three strategic approaches to foreign policy to look to the east, redefine policies and pursue security, economic and cultural interests related to this geographical area and the entry of the Islamic Republic of Iran into a field campaign that has not been significant in this area for years. It becomes necessary. The theoretical model of this research is realism, and the information and data will be collected qualitatively using library and Internet resources and will be examined in a descriptive-analytical manner.

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A Study of Iranian Hegemony in the Persian Gulf

jamal mohammadi; mohammadali rahiminezhad

Volume 3, Issue 11 , March 2020, , Pages 163-185

Abstract

  Governments have always sought to maximize their power in the international system and compete with other actors to achieve this. This increase in power, if done at the regional level, ...  Read More Governments have always sought to maximize their power in the international system and compete with other actors to achieve this. This increase in power, if done at the regional level, will lead to fierce competition among the actors in the region, so that they spend a large portion of their national income on military spending. The Persian Gulf is one of the areas in which international politics and its interference with the interests of the great powers have been the focus of many scholars and policy makers. The main question of this article is: What is the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relation to the Persian Gulf in comparison with other Persian Gulf countries and can it be considered as the hegemon of the Persian Gulf in terms of aggressive realism? To advance the present study, descriptive-analytic method of interest has been used based on statistical data. According to the results of this research, from the perspective of aggressive realism, the present government is the top government to become hegemonic of the Persian Gulf, the Islamic Republic of Iran, which has significant economic and military advantages in addition to its geopolitical advantages

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The end of government and the construction of power "three different appr

Fariborz Vafajou; Maghsoud Ranjbar; Mashallah Heidarpour

Volume 4, Issue 12 , June 2020, , Pages 169-191

Abstract

       Power is the most important concept in politics and society, and the functions of power, the consequences of power, the exclusion of power, are all very important ...  Read More      Power is the most important concept in politics and society, and the functions of power, the consequences of power, the exclusion of power, are all very important in the thought and science of politics. It seems that various explanations have been given by thinkers about power, and each of them leads to a different policy and political system. The main question of this research is what is the relationship between different perceptions of power and the realization of democracy? The main hypothesis of the research is that the democratic and modern conception of power is a combination of Plato's virtuous conception and Machiavelli's personalist conception of power, especially political power. The research findings show that power is not a desirable phenomenon in public imagination but more It is considered evil. But power basically doesn't have an essence that is bad or good. It seems because power doesn't have an essence, so it can be both destructive and constructive, and what makes power this or that is the end result. It is arranged. But whatever it is, power is very important, whether good or bad. Power is a very important phenomenon that we think less about. What kind of thinking about power means understanding what the thinkers have imagined for power, and what effect has their perception of the various dimensions had on the concept and on politics in general, and their perceptions have been optimistic or pessimistic?

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Function of Attorneys in International Transfer in the Regional System

Milad Nazari

Volume 7, Issue 2 , August 2023, , Pages 181-203

Abstract

  The present article sought to examine the role of attorneys in international transfer in the regional system. Delegation is a commonly used contract in today’s world. Among other ...  Read More The present article sought to examine the role of attorneys in international transfer in the regional system. Delegation is a commonly used contract in today’s world. Among other things, working as an attorney at law is a special type of delegation where an attorney works alongside the justice system to administer justice. This analytical-descriptive article explored the issue using a library method. Findings showed that universalization, establishment of international courts, increasing international crimes, developing international competence of nations, and the necessity for promoting international police and judicial cooperation are among grounds emphasizing the importance of international delegation in legal affairs. However, a lack of institutional organization, countries’ security-based restrictive policies, as well as substantive and procedural differences in international legal systems have been major obstacles to materialize it. As a result, it is necessary to fulfill this need using the existing capacity of enthusiastic lawyers and international unions for attorneys alongside international sanctions related to advocating for legal affairs.

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A Comparative Study of the Iranian Revolution and the French Revolution Based on Crane Brenton's Theory

masoud akhavan kazemi; omid shokraneh Arzanagi

Volume 3, Issue 10 , December 2019, , Pages 183-203

Abstract

  There have been revolutions in the history of the world, and there may be many similarities and differences between these revolutions. A comparative comparison of the Islamic Revolution ...  Read More There have been revolutions in the history of the world, and there may be many similarities and differences between these revolutions. A comparative comparison of the Islamic Revolution with revolutions such as the French Revolution, the Russian Revolution, and مناسب provides us with a suitable analytical model for a more accurate understanding of the dimensions and effects of this revolution. The present article examines, compares and adapts the two Iranian and French revolutions, the differences and similarities between the two revolutions, and their application to Crane Brenton's theory. Comparing similar phenomena can be helpful in understanding them as much as possible. For this purpose, economic conditions, military conditions, international support, political conditions, etc., the stage before and after the victory of the two great world revolutions, ie the French Revolution, have been studied and compared with the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The results show that there are commonalities between the two Iranian and French revolutions in some respects, such as pervasive ideology, global and international influences, the social nature of the revolution, and the creation of new political discourses such as equality, freedom, and so on. . But there are fundamental differences between the two Iranian and French revolutions in terms of the formation of the revolution and the implementation of the four phases of Brenton's theory

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An in-paradigm and out-of-paradigm critique of Waltz's theory of neorealism

mahdyeh heydari

Volume 3, Issue 9 , September 2019, , Pages 183-202

Abstract

  Realism is one of the dominant paradigms of international relations that has been widely used to analyze current events in international relations. One of the reasons for this is related ...  Read More Realism is one of the dominant paradigms of international relations that has been widely used to analyze current events in international relations. One of the reasons for this is related to its assumptions applicable to current events in the international system, and the other reason is related to the ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations of this approach, which has a very strong analytical power for researchers in the field of global politics. These two issues have led to much criticism from other schools of international relations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the most important transnational critiques that have been introduced into this theory. In this regard, the question that arises is what are the biggest and most important criticisms within the paradigm and outside the paradigm that has been introduced into Waltz's theory of realism? In response, it is said that the most critical critique of Waltz's theory is the assumptions of Waltz's theory of realism, which include: the assumption of balance of power, the assumption of central government, the assumption of the systemic system and the assumption of its rationality. Extra-paradigmal critiques relate to the materialist, objective, and positivist foundations of this theory, which have been introduced by the current of reflection. The data collection method is library and internet information and the research method in this research is based on descriptive-analytical method.

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Preventing Human and Migrant Smuggling Crimes from the Perspective of International Law by Emphasizing Challenges and Strategies

mohammad mohammadi; ali pourghasab amiri; hasan soleimani

Volume 3, Issue 11 , March 2020, , Pages 187-204

Abstract

  Trafficking in human beings and migrants generates billions of dollars a year in profits for those who commit these crimes, and governments and international organizations have to spend ...  Read More Trafficking in human beings and migrants generates billions of dollars a year in profits for those who commit these crimes, and governments and international organizations have to spend a lot of money to fight these crimes. These high costs have led to a gradual approach to international documents, especially human trafficking and immigration trafficking protocols. The main question in the present study, which has been conducted by descriptive-analytical method, is what are the challenges and strategies to prevent human and migrant trafficking in the international legal system? The result of the present study is that the challenges facing the prevention of human trafficking and immigration are the lack of communication between human trafficking and immigrants and other crimes and the lack of attention to the role of NGOs and adopting repressive approaches instead of supportive approaches. Crimes against victims of trafficking in human beings and immigrants. Strategies to prevent human and migrant trafficking offenses can include identifying human trafficking practices and the origins of illegal immigration

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Comparative re-reading of methodological controversies and its strategic consequences for political science and knowledge

mozafar hasanvnad

Volume 3, Issue 8 , June 2019, , Pages 189-212

Abstract

  Methodological-theoretical debates have always been one of the most important topics in the field of science and epistemology; Because they draw the line between science and pseudo-science. ...  Read More Methodological-theoretical debates have always been one of the most important topics in the field of science and epistemology; Because they draw the line between science and pseudo-science. Cohen, Lakatos, and Popper's efforts have been to analyze the enigma of science, thought, and thought, and have always dominated the construction of scientific and philosophical space. In this research, the author seeks to answer two combined questions from a comparative perspective: 1- What are the most important methodological-theoretical foundations and distinguishing features in the approach of Popper, Cohen and Lakatos? 2- While explaining the critiques of Popper, Cohen and Lakatosh's views, what are the practical results of each of them in the field of political science and knowledge? The results indicate that each of the intellectual-methodological systems, along with the shortcomings, have strengths, applications and explanations that can be useful in solving or answering some aspects of the methodological issues of political science and society crises and politics. Be. Also, creating space or creating a platform for conflict and method-competition competition is effective in achieving some relative rules, scientificization and methodization of political knowledge.

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The Impact of US Foreign Policy (Trumpism) on Israel on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Mohammad Salmantabarsouteh; Abbas Mehrvarz

Volume 4, Issue 12 , June 2020, , Pages 193-217

Abstract

      President Donald Trump's policies around the world, with their unique personality traits (pragmatism), evoke new passive approaches to US foreign policy. Trump has ...  Read More     President Donald Trump's policies around the world, with their unique personality traits (pragmatism), evoke new passive approaches to US foreign policy. Trump has taken significant action against Iran since the early days of his stay in the White House through Israeli lobbies. At the annual meeting of conservative social activists in Washington, he cited support for Israel as the main reason for leaving the UN Security Council. Undoubtedly, the issue of Iran's position on Israel, as well as the policies of the United States and its current president towards the regime, has caused acute problems in Iran's foreign relations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the foreign policies of the US government towards Israel and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the main question of the research is based on the impact of US foreign policy during Donald Trump's presidency on Israel on Iran's national security. The present study uses analytical-descriptive method and in the context of realism. Aggressive assumes that Trump's policies toward Israel, such as recognizing Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights, supporting the development of Israeli settlements, moving the US embassy to Jerusalem, etc., are ineffective. It will not be the key to national security in the Islamic Republic of Iran

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An Introduction to the Flow of Political Feminism in Iran

mohammad ghorbani gholshan abad

Volume 3, Issue 9 , September 2019, , Pages 203-220

Abstract

  From the point of view of thinkers and philosophers of the Enlightenment, "women" are irrational and secondary elements. In examining and paying attention to the works of these thinkers ...  Read More From the point of view of thinkers and philosophers of the Enlightenment, "women" are irrational and secondary elements. In examining and paying attention to the works of these thinkers and even the later ones, when we talk about "natural rights" and "human rights", we mean the society of "men". In view of the above, Iranian feminism, along with its Western predecessors, is preparing to supply and produce content related to the forms and forms of feminism, the emergence of which is in commemoration of International Women's Day (March 8, coinciding with March 8) and the effort. While localizing its concepts inside the country, it is turning the thin and declining current of Iranian feminism into a fat and dynamic movement. The present article provides a concise picture of the current study of library and documentary study and exploration of political literature published by the leaders and supporters of this movement and can shed light on it as a "revenue". While explaining the concept of feminism, it deals with its various political tendencies and finally, while paying attention to the currents of Iranian feminism, provides a brief estimate. Undoubtedly, educational and academic centers, due to their high potential and capacity of young girls and women, are the most important goals in attracting and inducing feminist teachings. Therefore, it is important for university activists and research centers to have a clear understanding of the general characteristics of political feminism and to dissect the political current of Iranian feminism.

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Review of the European Union's Approach to the Islamic Republic of Iran's Nuclear Program (2000-2015)

mahdyeh heydari

Volume 3, Issue 11 , March 2020, , Pages 205-225

Abstract

  Iran's nuclear activities are one of the most important challenges that have overshadowed the relationship between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the European Union. This article ...  Read More Iran's nuclear activities are one of the most important challenges that have overshadowed the relationship between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the European Union. This article examines the European Union's approach to Iran's nuclear program. So the main question in this article is why the European Union has not supported the US option of "use of force" in dealing with Iran's nuclear program? And in return, has it followed an approach? The temporary implication of the article is that the European Union, by rejecting the option of using force against the United States, has replaced the diplomacy approach with severe sanctions on Iran and brought the United States with it. In this regard, the findings of the study indicate that the implementation of prostitution, economic sanctions and comprehensive sanctions and support for the issuance of anti-Iranian resolutions by the "Security Council", in full coordination with the United States has been considered by the European Union. The data collection method in this research is based on library method and research method is descriptive-analytical method

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Politics from Heidegger's point of view

ebrahim siahposh; mohammadsajad shiroody

Volume 3, Issue 10 , December 2019, , Pages 205-229

Abstract

  Although Heidegger, like other political philosophers, has not entered into debates in political philosophy such as political freedom, social justice, civil rights, and so on, he has ...  Read More Although Heidegger, like other political philosophers, has not entered into debates in political philosophy such as political freedom, social justice, civil rights, and so on, he has been able to enter into general issues such as "politics from Heidegger's perspective". Elements and concepts such as co-existence, historicity, collective destiny, and dictatorship are the foundations of Heidegger's political thinking, though he himself considers the correct understanding of the political subject to be based on a correct understanding of the truth and freedom. Therefore, in this article, considering how people's view of politics is subject to their anthropology, man examines Heidegger from Dasein's perspective and then enters into topics such as freedom, truth, politics, humanism, and traditional metaphysics from the perspective of this great philosopher. We will become the twentieth century. Naturally, Heidegger's attention to the ontological (human) ontology (human being) can be a good prelude to specific social and political research

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Investigating the causes of the American military invasion and its consequences on the Iraqi people

AbbasAli Talebi

Volume 7, Issue 2 , August 2023, , Pages 205-230

Abstract

  Using the descriptive-analytical method, the present article investigated the consequences of the American military campaign on the Iraqi people based on aggressive realism, and raised ...  Read More Using the descriptive-analytical method, the present article investigated the consequences of the American military campaign on the Iraqi people based on aggressive realism, and raised the question of what economic, political and social consequences this invasion had on the Iraqi people?In response to the question, this hypothesis was raised that it seems that the US has inflicted a lot of economic and social damage on the Iraqi people by attacking Iraq in pursuit of its own interests and by emphasizing the concentration of power and ensuring energy security The findings of the research show that first of all, the fall of the Baath regime not only caused Iraq to enter a new stage of instability and especially the power vacuum situation in the center,yes,different countries tried to expand their influence in this country in pursuit of their regional goals and national security. and prevent the increase of the influence of their competitors in Iraq. Ethnic gaps have widened in levels. Thirdly, the war and internal conflicts in Iraq not only intensified the widespread deprivation of Iraqi women at all levels of public and social life, but also increased poverty, migration of elites, closure of schools and destruction of historical buildings

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The effects of socio-economic policy on desertification

amirhossein rahmatizadeh; hamid gholami; yahya esmaeilpour; hasan khosravi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 February 2019

Abstract

  Desertification in many countries is mixed with political, economic and economic conditions. Therefore, examining the role and impact of government economic policies on environmental ...  Read More Desertification in many countries is mixed with political, economic and economic conditions. Therefore, examining the role and impact of government economic policies on environmental quality can be important. Technology, population growth, and subsidy policies have accelerated land degradation over the past six years in environmentally sensitive areas. The first step to deal with this problem in the region is to identify the main and basic factors. In this research, an attempt has been made to determine the trend of land degradation in the Hoz Sultan Qom area by examining past findings with the help of the Madalus model, in which management is significant in desertification. A set of demographic and economic indicators suitable for risk assessment Desertification and creating an artificial index based on a multivariate approach and finally comparing this index with the standard desertification index that refers to geophysical conditions. Therefore, new findings on the impact of policy on the environment and its role in desertification studies to be.

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Types of guarantees in international trade and their legal analysis

ali zare; Mokhtar Zardouei

Volume 3, Issue 8 , June 2019, , Pages 213-231

Abstract

  In international trade agreements, due to the diversity and multiplicity of commercial and non-commercial risks such as import and export restrictions, expropriation, exchange rate ...  Read More In international trade agreements, due to the diversity and multiplicity of commercial and non-commercial risks such as import and export restrictions, expropriation, exchange rate fluctuations, war, etc., the need to guarantee in the contract is a basic need; As stated in the principles of international trade agreements, the existence of a proportionate and efficient guarantee. Of course, the choice of any guarantee method is first the responsibility of the parties and then the responsibility of their advisors. There are many examples of guarantees in the field of international trade, some of which are in fact the same traditional guarantee institutions that have a new and evolved function; Like international mortgages and some others, they are completely new and have been created as a result of the intellectual leaks of lawyers in response to the commercial needs of the time (such as documentary credit).

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Security, Strategic Crisis, Threat Balance, Geopolitics of Resistance, Yemen.

Sirous khandan; rashid recabian; mehrdad alahpour

Volume 4, Issue 12 , June 2020, , Pages 219-241

Abstract

  The question that the authors of the present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach and the revolutionary protests of the Yemeni people and the overthrow of the despotic Ali ...  Read More The question that the authors of the present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach and the revolutionary protests of the Yemeni people and the overthrow of the despotic Ali Abdullah Saleh government, seeks to answer is why the most important challenges arise from what happened Factors? According to the results of the present study, developments in post-conflict space are more than any other factor stemming from the interference of foreign forces, and in particular the Western, Arab, Arab-led coalition led by the United States and Saudi Arabia, in the light of strategic competition and regional frontal change Compensation in Iraq and Syria, as well as efforts to maintain the political structure of the disintegrating countries, have led the new or post-colonial government to face profound challenges from a lack of security.

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Reviewing the fate of political parties in the fifth national parliament

ghafar zarei

Volume 3, Issue 11 , March 2020, , Pages 227-244

Abstract

  It is so important to investigate how political parties operated during the post constitutional revolution period, especially in the fifth national parliament. The performance and inefficiency ...  Read More It is so important to investigate how political parties operated during the post constitutional revolution period, especially in the fifth national parliament. The performance and inefficiency of political parties during this period of the parliamentary cycles paved the way for the first Pahlavi (Reza Khan) to come to power. The principal question is that how did the political parties facilitate the transfer of power from Qajar to Pahlavi and determine the result of their political activity. The main theory is that the political parties paved the way for this political transmission through various ways, such as lack of political cohesion, weak attitude in political interaction, dissension and diversity of views. It is important to address the role of political parties in how to transmit power and participate in the issue of political power. Political parties as organizations which provide political participation for people and transmit power peacefully from one step to the next, have played an important role during historical periods.  Accordingly, addressing such issues provides an understanding of the past, a light for the future and a context for recognizing the political parties' attitudes and approach in each period. The research approach is historical and analytical-descriptive; and for collecting material the library method is used.

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Consequences of China's presence in the Persian Gulf on the Islamic Republic of Iran

atyeh soleimani; Mohammad ghanbari barzyan

Volume 3, Issue 10 , December 2019, , Pages 231-249

Abstract

  In recent years, we have witnessed an increase in the presence and activity of the People's Republic of China in the Persian Gulf due to the growing need for energy resources such as ...  Read More In recent years, we have witnessed an increase in the presence and activity of the People's Republic of China in the Persian Gulf due to the growing need for energy resources such as oil and gas to develop the economy and industry, as well as expanding trade relations with other countries in the Persian Gulf. China's extensive activity in the Persian Gulf will have major consequences for both China and other countries in the region and beyond. Therefore, the main question of this research is why China seeks to increase its presence in the Persian Gulf and what will be the consequences for the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research hypothesis emphasizes that China's main goal in increasing its presence in the Persian Gulf is to develop economic and trade relations, to continue purchasing energy and to make the region's economy dependent, and to challenge US influence in the region. Given the hostile relations between Iran and the United States and the context of the Islamic Republic's convergence with China, this will be in the national interest of Iran. In this study, descriptive-analytical method has been used and the method of data collection is documentary and library.

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Public trust of the people of the lost circle of life in Iran today

Habib Ashayeri

Volume 3, Issue 8 , June 2019, , Pages 233-241

Abstract

  Reducing the national trust of the people and the emergence of possible crises is among the most fundamental vital difficulties in Iran today. Various factors have played a role in ...  Read More Reducing the national trust of the people and the emergence of possible crises is among the most fundamental vital difficulties in Iran today. Various factors have played a role in the formation of this difficulty, the most important of which are: the neglect of the constitution, politicization, jurisprudential discourse, the disappearance of the humanities, the outflow of material and spiritual capital, the devaluation of the national currency and a number of others. They alone have reduced public confidence. The practical mechanism for resolving these challenges immediately is to have a strong will to get out of the current situation. Of course, political science is based on political sociology, and considers the progress of today's Iran to be the correct understanding of the current situation by the authorities. Of course, it is possible to strengthen the foundations of national unity by using different capacities, and relying on up-to-date knowledge to cross dangerous corridors, and then put the country on the path of growth. Increasing public confidence will lead to greater and better interaction between the people and the government, as well as their political participation. Very acute causes a crisis of legitimacy. The research method in this article is analytical-descriptive and the discussion framework is based on the theory of political sociology of Iran.

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