Journal of Political Strategy

Political Opportunities and their Impact on Security Crisis Based on MacDame's Opportunity Structure Theory

hamed roshan cheshm; masoud aslani; hadi afrasyabi

Volume 2, Issue 6 , March 2018, , Pages 1-28

Abstract

  Social movement theory, through its interaction and interaction of its three functional areas, namely political opportunities, mobilizing structures and frameworks, is capable of addressing ...  Read More Social movement theory, through its interaction and interaction of its three functional areas, namely political opportunities, mobilizing structures and frameworks, is capable of addressing the complex and fluid dynamics that a country operates in the context of social-security crises. The question in this article is what role political opportunities play in security crises. It assumes that political opportunity by investing in stability or instability among the elite, the relative openness or obstruction of the government system, the capacity or natural tendency of the government to suppress and the presence or absence of a united elite affecting the occurrence or control of security crises. LT is. Therefore, this paper attempts to show the key dimensions and components of political opportunity structure theory and its theoretical capabilities, to show the usefulness and effectiveness of political opportunities in the event of security crises, and the resulting two dimensions of stability or instability. Among the elite group and the relative openness or obstruction of the system of government over the other two dimensions and the four components of ethnic, religious and racial divisions; In other dimensions and components.

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The Impact of Peaceful Iranian Nuclear Energy Activities on Persian Gulf Security

majid bozorgmehri; seyed mahdi tabatabaee

Volume 2, Issue 4 , June 2018, , Pages 1-37

Abstract

  The Gulf region is important from the economic, cultural, political and security aspects. The junction between East and West and having the Strait of Hormuz has given this region a ...  Read More The Gulf region is important from the economic, cultural, political and security aspects. The junction between East and West and having the Strait of Hormuz has given this region a particular geopolitical position. Iran's energy reserves and peaceful nuclear activities have made security in the region a global focus. In this regard, the question of the present article is what effect has peaceful Iranian nuclear activities had on the security of the Persian Gulf region? The hypothesis is that, since Iran's nuclear activities appear likely to alter security and balance in its favor in the region, most Gulf states have sought to keep pace with policy. The United States has shown these activities to be non-peaceful and military and thus pose a serious threat to regional security. And seek to halt Iran's nuclear activities. It will be seen that after the Iran-5 + 1 agreement, the security view of the members of the GCC, as the largest organization in the region, has not changed significantly on the Iranian nuclear issue, and these countries still believe that Iran wants to These actions undermine the balance of power in their favor in the region. The present paper attempts to address the issue with a generalist approach to realism and Morgentha's theory of balance. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical and data collection is by library method. The Gulf region is important from the economic, cultural, political and security aspects. The junction between East and West and having the Strait of Hormuz has given this region a particular geopolitical position. Iran's energy reserves and peaceful nuclear activities have made security in the region a global focus. In this regard, the question of the present article is what effect has peaceful Iranian nuclear activities had on the security of the Persian Gulf region? The hypothesis is that, since Iran's nuclear activities appear likely to alter security and balance in its favor in the region, most Gulf states have sought to keep pace with policy. The United States has shown these activities to be non-peaceful and military and thus pose a serious threat to regional security. And seek to halt Iran's nuclear activities. It will be seen that after the Iran-5 + 1 agreement, the security view of the members of the GCC, as the largest organization in the region, has not changed significantly on the Iranian nuclear issue, and these countries still believe that Iran wants to These actions undermine the balance of power in their favor in the region. The present paper attempts to address the issue with a generalist approach to realism and Morgentha's theory of balance. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical and data collection is by library method.

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International Law and Pandemic Diseases (Case Study: Coronavirus)

abbas taghvaee; atefeh lorkojuri

Volume 4, Issue 13 , September 2020, , Pages 1-15

https://doi.org/10.29252/jps.4.13.1

Abstract

  With the outbreak of coronary heart disease and then its epidemic crisis, news about this viral disease became the headlines of the world media and became an important topic of the ...  Read More With the outbreak of coronary heart disease and then its epidemic crisis, news about this viral disease became the headlines of the world media and became an important topic of the day. Until the 21st century, when a wave of diseases with similar characteristics, such as "SARS", "swine flu" and "Morse" spread to parts of the world, there was no understanding of such issues. International law, as the governing law of the international community, has the task of establishing rules for the regulation of cross-border relations between political units, but the old definitions of this branch of law had lost their comprehensiveness due to the expansion of the scope of subjects and their subjects. In the new works of international law, criteria have been proposed for the appointment of new obligors, but so far no criteria have been stated for its emerging subjects; This is the subject of our discussion in this study because it seems that the corona virus reaching the pandemic stage has made this possible. Basically, this incident showed us that we need to set rules beyond the sovereignty of countries that in cases like this, are considered mandatory not only for countries, but for all actors on the international stage; As we have seen in the treatment of issues such as "human rights" and "environmental rights".

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Pathology of environmental protection policy based on religious teachings and international regulations

mohammad azari; mohammad javad baqizadeh; behnam yousefian

Volume 4, Issue 14 , December 2020, , Pages 1-27

https://doi.org/10.29252/JPS.4.14.1

Abstract

  At present, one of the common concerns of the international community is to prevent the destruction of the environment and to examine ways to protect it, so that the United Nations ...  Read More At present, one of the common concerns of the international community is to prevent the destruction of the environment and to examine ways to protect it, so that the United Nations has considered environmental security as one of the most important components of human security; The importance of this issue from the perspective of all societies is such that the need to protect the environment in various domestic, regional and international documents has been repeatedly considered and emphasized. Since the goal of environmental protection depends on the adoption of a coherent and effective criminal policy against environmental crimes, this study focuses on the pathology of Iranian criminal law and policies, while criticizing the law, one of the most important parts of criminal policy. That is, to criticize the criminal policy towards environmental crimes and in the light of that, by understanding the gaps and shortcomings of the current policy, the ground for adopting a desirable and efficient criminal policy is provided. In this study, which was conducted through a library study and descriptive-analytical method, it was found that Iran's criminal policy towards environmental crimes is subject to issues such as fragmentation of laws, lack of guarantees of efficient implementation, inefficiency.

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Causes of Divergence among Middle East Kurd's in ISIS Era (Iraq&Syria)

seyed mohsen mostafavi ardebili; Hossein Daheshiar; Hamid Ahmadi; rahmat Haji Mineh

Volume 5, Issue 16 , May 2021, , Pages 1-23

Abstract

  The present article addressed the causes of the divergence of the Kurds of the Middle East in the ISIL era. The main question in this studied what are the reasons for the divergence ...  Read More The present article addressed the causes of the divergence of the Kurds of the Middle East in the ISIL era. The main question in this studied what are the reasons for the divergence of the Kurds in the ISIL and post-ISIL eras? The findings show that the Syrian Kurds took control of the Kurdish-held areas autonomously in the unique opportunity created by ISIL. in Iraq also provided an opportunity for the Kurdistan Regional Government to take action toward controlling and capturing of Kirkuk and implemented the "Iraqi Kurdistan Independence" plan. But this action failed due to withdrawal of Peshmerga forces from Kirkuk and quitting the results of the referendum. The plan for Kurdish autonomy is ambiguous due to the occupation of part of the Kurdish by Turkey in Syria. the hypothesis of this research is based on the fact that, the most important reasons for the Kurds' failure to converge must be attributed to internal disputes between different groups, the opposition of neighboring countries to Kurdish independence. In addition, the opposition of the UnitedStates must be added to these reasons. The present research is descriptive-analytical and reviewed the issue within the framework of neoclassical realism.

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NATO's influence on Turkey's foreign policy towards neighboring countries

mirabdolali mohammadi

Volume 5, Issue 17 , September 2021, , Pages 1-22

Abstract

  Turkey's foreign policy has undergone many ups and downs over the last seven years, especially after the socio-political developments known as the Islamic Awakening. Prior to the domino ...  Read More Turkey's foreign policy has undergone many ups and downs over the last seven years, especially after the socio-political developments known as the Islamic Awakening. Prior to the domino effect of ruling the rulers of Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen, the ruling party's politicians had succeeded in introducing Turkey as a model to other countries in the region, relying on its soft economic, political and cultural power. . The view of Turkey's doctrine of strategic depth had promoted increasing convergence and interaction with neighboring countries. With Turkey's view of Europeanization, especially the role of NATO in this country has been complicated. The present study examines the impact of NATO on Turkey's foreign policy towards neighboring governments and raises the question of what effect NATO has on Turkey's approach to neighboring countries. For this purpose, the present study, using a descriptive-analytical method and using library studies, interviews with experts, has concluded that Turkey's Europeanization after the AKP came to power has caused NATO to have more influence in this country. This has led to the alignment of Turkey's foreign policy as much as possible, and has ultimately led to the concerns of non-aligned countries with Turkey.

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The US Missile Defense Plan Establishment Effects on Middle East and Islamic Republic of Iran's actions in the view of aggressive realism

Ramin Rastegar; aliasghar mohammadpor

Volume 5, Issue 18 , December 2021, , Pages 1-34

Abstract

  The US Missile Defense Plan Establishment Effects on Middle East as a vital energy region has been done with the aim to maintain and keep hegemony in the western hemisphere. So, US, ...  Read More The US Missile Defense Plan Establishment Effects on Middle East as a vital energy region has been done with the aim to maintain and keep hegemony in the western hemisphere. So, US, using balance off-shore balance strategy and alliance and coalition with Middle East region actors seeks to I.R. Iran, as a potential regional hegemon, harness and control through the missile defense shield. In this respect, US in addition of creating missile defense shield in Turkey, has taken the actions to improve air defense capability of Persian Gulf Countries. Selling Patriot system to four Persian Gulf Arab countries, and sending "X-BAND" radars to and other air defense equipment to Zionist regime are some of US actions. So, this paper is supposed to apply "aggressive realism theory" to examine US Missile Defense Plan Establishment Effects on Middle East and Iran reactions against. The paper is to answer the question that what's the goal of US Missile Defense Plan Establishment on Middle East and how had effected the Iran's power. This paper examine this hypothesis: US missile defense shield is established to maintain and keep the US regional hegemony and harness and control of Iran's military and missile power in Middle East.

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Alternative Punishments to Imprisonment under Iran and International Criminal Laws: Challenges and Solutions

Ali Ahmadi; Karam Janipour; Ali Janipour

Volume 5, Issue 19 , January 2022, , Pages 1-21

Abstract

  The inadequacy of imprisonment and the increasing importance of citizenship rights, including liberty, has led thinkers in criminal law to offer some alternatives to imprisonment that ...  Read More The inadequacy of imprisonment and the increasing importance of citizenship rights, including liberty, has led thinkers in criminal law to offer some alternatives to imprisonment that not only punish the defendant but also minimize the ill effects of being imprisoned. This study aimed to address the following research question: how effective are alternative punishments to imprisonment under Iran and international criminal laws, and what would be solutions to their potential challenges? This was an analytical, descriptive study. The library method was also used to deal with the research question. Under international criminal law, all people, including prisoners, should be treated with regard for human dignity, and it rejects imposing inappropriate punishments. In the same way, Iranian legislator, specifically in the penal code 2013, has offered such alternatives as conditional discharge, providing public services, suspension, and substitution of punishment to imprisonment. However, it presents several challenges. The biggest one is the lack of suitable infrastructures to meet defendants' punishments. Our work has led us to conclude that social and economic infrastructures must carry out such a sentence as a conditional discharge

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Limits and loopholes of exercising the authority of jurists in the structure of the Safavid government

rashid rekabian; sirous khandan

Volume 6, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 1-18

Abstract

  The establishment and establishment of the Safavid government in Iran, as the first powerful independent Shia government in the history of Islam, caused the discussion of the approval ...  Read More The establishment and establishment of the Safavid government in Iran, as the first powerful independent Shia government in the history of Islam, caused the discussion of the approval of this government and cooperation or non-collaboration with it, becoming one of the new important topics in the field of political thought and thought and even the jurisprudential opinions of scholars. Therefore, during this period, many jurists from different countries, especially Lebanon, immigrated to Iran at the invitation of the Safavid kings and promoted the powerful scientific field in Isfahan. On the other hand, many of these jurists cooperated with the Safavid kings and participated in the power structure and reached the positions of Shaykh al-Islam, Sadr, Qazi, etc. Therefore, the aforementioned research answers the question that what were the limits and gaps of the jurisprudence in the structure of the Safavid government? Baroush's descriptive-analytical research hypothesis gives an answer; considering that in Iran during the Safavid period, the people did not have a role in the government structure and the government needed legitimacy, this legitimacy either had to be approved by the jurists or the jurists reached the government to solve the crisis of legitimacy. Therefore, the author believes that during a period of the Safavid government (Shah Tahmasab), the government of Velayat al-Faqih was actually established, and the shah was actually the chancellor of al-Faqih who got his legitimacy from the jurist, so the limits and options of the al-Faqih province were the same as the Shia jurists.

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New wars in IR: Defining the content and concept

alireza rezaie; ghasem torabi

Volume 6, Issue 1 , June 2022, , Pages 1-21

Abstract

     This study is intended to define the concept and content of new wars, viz. cyber warfare, cognitive warfare, information warfare and hybrid warfare. The main argument, ...  Read More    This study is intended to define the concept and content of new wars, viz. cyber warfare, cognitive warfare, information warfare and hybrid warfare. The main argument, therefore, is that what are the common grounds in the conceptualization of new wars? To answer the question, this hypothesis is tested that technology mainly constitutes the common ground in the entire array of contemporary wars. In other words, eventually the revolutionary change in technology and specifically cyber revolution shape such new forms of Warfare as cyber warfare, cognitive War and hybrid War and transform essentially the classic wars including information wars. Indeed, the level of preparedness to cope with these wars is heavily rested upon national records in technology and knowledge. With this in mind, the objective is to draw on four new types of war, namely cyber, cognitive, information and hybrid and shed new lights on the prime significance of technology with a focus on the content and concept of these new wars. A descriptive-analytical approach was taken based on deskwork at libraries and using the Internet. 

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Legal analysis of the performance of the United Nations Security Council in the nuclear case of the Islamic Republic of Iran, before and after the JCPOA

Seyed Bagher Mirabbasi; Abdalsatare Nozari

Volume 6, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 1-33

Abstract

  The performance of the United Nations Security Council, in the nuclear case of the Islamic Republic of Iran, before and after the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is the subject ...  Read More The performance of the United Nations Security Council, in the nuclear case of the Islamic Republic of Iran, before and after the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is the subject of research by the participants and it is answered that the legal performance of the Security Council regarding the nuclear case of the Islamic Republic of Iran, before And how was it after the JCPOA and how are its effects and legal loopholes explained? According to the United Nations Charter, the Security Council is the most important pillar of the United Nations in safeguarding international security and peace. Before the JCPOA agreement, the Security Council approved crippling sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran by approving six resolutions, and after the JCPOA agreement, it approved Resolution 2231 and formalized the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) as an appendix to the aforementioned resolution. He forgave and canceled all his previous resolutions with this action. Therefore, this researcher aims to first determine which of the situations against international security and peace regarding the nuclear activity of the Islamic Republic of Iran was exemplified under the seventh chapter of the United Nations Charter, when the case was referred to the Security Council and the aforementioned resolutions were issued. Secondly, how and on what basis has the legal performance of the Security Council regarding the nuclear case of the Islamic Republic of Iran been after the agreement on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and the approval of Resolution 2231. Thirdly, what shortcomings, ambiguities and controversial points did the above-mentioned agreement contain, which created the ground for the withdrawal of the United States of America as the main negotiating party from the JCPOA, and as a result, the withdrawal of the United States of America from the JCPOA collapsed based on the JCPOA agreement. Iran's diplomatic efforts to resolve the propaganda concerns of the West, especially the United States of America, against peaceful nuclear activities by actively participating in the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) negotiations, finally by changing the presidency and transferring power from the Democrats to the Republicans, and the U.S. foreign policy turn America has practically prepared the ground for the escalation of hostilities and threats to international peace and security with the unilateral withdrawal of the United States of America from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and the status of this international multilateral agreement has been left in an aura of ambiguity and impasse until now.

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The Islamic Awakening and the Influential Forces in the Democratization Process in Egypt (2011 - 2018)

khosro Aram; Alireza Rezaei; Ghasem Torabi

Volume 6, Issue 3 , November 2022, , Pages 7-28

Abstract

  The Islamic Awakening and the beginning of the popular uprising that led to the overthrow of Mubarak marked the beginning of a new phase in Egyptian politics, which was expected to ...  Read More The Islamic Awakening and the beginning of the popular uprising that led to the overthrow of Mubarak marked the beginning of a new phase in Egyptian politics, which was expected to see the tyranny and dictatorship removed from the country forever and replaced by a democratic government based on a new political order. As president, the process of democratization continued, but in a short time, General al-Sisi arrested Morsi in a creeping coup and continued to seize power personally. What is the main question in this article is that; What have been the consequences of the uprising of the Egyptian people in 2011 so far? And which forces have influenced the process of democratization of the Egyptian people? The results of the investigation show that the pro-democracy uprising of the Egyptian people has failed with the intervention of the army and the removal of Mohamed Morsi from the presidency. The most important influential forces in the process of democratization of Egypt are: the army, the Muslim Brotherhood, secular nationalist parties and groups. The research method is qualitative, documentary and library, with the help of filing tools from Persian and English books and articles.

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Clergy and its Actions during the Struggle for Victory of Islamic Revolution: Content Analysis of Imam Khomeini's Correspondence (1960-1970)

younes Kojuri geshniani; ali bagheri Dolatabadi; abouzar Fattahizadeh; jaseb nikfar

Volume 7, Issue 1 , April 2023, , Pages 7-34

Abstract

  Different classes and groups played a role in the victory of the Islamic Revolution. The question is that what was the reaction of the clergy to the most important political developments ...  Read More Different classes and groups played a role in the victory of the Islamic Revolution. The question is that what was the reaction of the clergy to the most important political developments of the 1960s and what relationship existed between Imam Khomeini and the clergy during this decade? The hypothesis of the article is that in the first half of the 1960s, the clergy had the most actions in the country's political arena, and in the second half, its reaction to political events decreased. To answer the main question, a quantitative-qualitative method has been used. In the quantitative method, all the correspondences of Imam Khomeini between the years 1961 and 1970 were statistically arranged according to the audience, date, and content, and in the next step, these correspondences were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. The research findings showed that in the second half of the 1960s, Imam Khomeini became concerned about the inactivity of the clergy and their attention to educational issues or less important issues. The statements of Imam Khomeini confirm that the clergy did not support the revolution uniformly and the actions of some of them were harmful to the movement in this decade.

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Semiotic Analysis of Power in the Hadiths of Shia Imams

Hamdallah Akvani; Seyyed Dawood Mousavi; ali bagheri Dolatabadi

Volume 7, Issue 2 , August 2023, , Pages 9-29

Abstract

  Power is one of the concepts that have been defined from different aspects. The division of power into different types of hard, soft, intelligent, etc. indicates the wide range of views ...  Read More Power is one of the concepts that have been defined from different aspects. The division of power into different types of hard, soft, intelligent, etc. indicates the wide range of views about this concept. The study of power, sources and methods of its application in line with Western ideas has also been done in Islamic studies. The main question of the article is, what are the characteristics of the mentioned power in the hadiths of the Shia imams? The hypothesis of the article is that a set of signs can be deduced in the hadiths of Shia imams, which lead us to the concept of transcendental power. The semiotics method was used to answer the above question and the aim of the article is to identify the signs of power in Shia hadiths. The findings of the research showed that the source of power, the holders of power, the purpose of power and the ways of exercising power are different from the conventional types of power in political theories, which are known as hard, soft and network.

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The socialization model of the religious democracy system based on the statement of the second step of the Islamic revolution

Seyed MohammadReza Mahmoudpanahi

Volume 7, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 9-32

Abstract

  Considering the importance of nation building and the necessity of developing a special model of community building in the 5-stage road map of the new Islamic civilization, in this ...  Read More Considering the importance of nation building and the necessity of developing a special model of community building in the 5-stage road map of the new Islamic civilization, in this research, the model of community building in the religious democracy system is examined based on the provisions of the second step statement. The main question is, what are the characteristics of the socialization model in the statement of the second step? This research collects and analyzes data within the framework of revolutionary system theory and with library tools and descriptive-analytical methods. Based on the findings of this article, the model of socialization of the religious democracy system in the second step statement is different from the model of socialization of the nation-state of Western civilization and is in the direction of the model of socialization of the Islamic Ummah-nation and all-round progress of the society starts and with the simultaneous strengthening of the national and Islamic identity and efficient state-building is realized.

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Study and analysis of political culture of professors of Mazandaran public universities

morteza alavian; Gholamreza Zabatpour kari; seyed saleh musavi

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 9-27

Abstract

  Abstract:Understanding the political attitude of university professors is one of the most important issues for political and social planners and even thinkers who are concerned about ...  Read More Abstract:Understanding the political attitude of university professors is one of the most important issues for political and social planners and even thinkers who are concerned about reforming the country. The present article, inspired by the political typology of Almond and Verba on political culture, examines the political culture of professors at public universities in Mazandaran province. The main research question is; What is the type and amount of participation of professors of Mazandaran public universities? For this purpose, the survey method and selection of the desired samples have been used in accordance with scientific methods, the results of which can be generalized to all professors of public universities in the province. According to the research findings, which were extracted from 310 samples, the perceptual dimension of professors' political culture is more powerful than the emotional and judgmental dimension. From another perspective, the findings show that participatory culture is more widespread than subordinate and limited culture, and professors want active rather than passive participation in political issues. It therefore demands that political and social planners provide the platform for the realization of free-thinking seats.

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Technological Technocracy: A Theoretical Representation of "Science and Technology Diplomacy" in the Time of the Corona Epidemic

saeed chehrazad; maryam fakhrabadi; fatemeh baee

Volume 4, Issue 13 , September 2020, , Pages 17-40

Abstract

  Due to international developments, other governments are no longer considered to be the main actors in the international system, in addition to governments, other informal actors, including ...  Read More Due to international developments, other governments are no longer considered to be the main actors in the international system, in addition to governments, other informal actors, including universities and international organizations that have a scientific basis. Including the World Health Organization (WHO) - are influential in global policy. In a sense, today we are witnessing unilateral and multilateral sanctions against countries such as Iran, and the use of international mechanisms to remove such restrictions, especially in the context of the global coronavirus epidemic, seems even more necessary. . Since in a coronavirus pandemic situation, governments act nationally but the virus knows no borders, it seems necessary to adopt a platform based on global cooperation. This research is a descriptive-analytical research and library method is used to explain the subject using different approaches. In this research, an attempt is made to address the main opportunities and challenges that "science diplomacy" provides to countries; Finally, the study of what, why and the importance of science and technology diplomacy to create and strengthen integrated health systems as well as capacity building for crisis preparedness, equitable and universal access to quality health services, is considered the most important goal of this paper.

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Ibrahim Reisi Florigen policy

Alireza Rezaei

Volume 5, Issue 17 , September 2021, , Pages 23-45

Abstract

  آنچه که در بررسی سیاست خارجی مورد اجماع محققان سیاست خارجی است، این است که سیاستگذاری درعرصة خارجی و ...  Read More آنچه که در بررسی سیاست خارجی مورد اجماع محققان سیاست خارجی است، این است که سیاستگذاری درعرصة خارجی و ارائه تحلیلی مطلوب از سیاست خارجی هر دولت، منوط به در نظر گرفتن هر دو حوزة داخلی و خارجی است. در این ارتباط بررسی سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران پس از چهار دهه از وقوع انقلاب اسلامی مواردی را مشخص می کند که در تبیین هر چه بهتر سیاست خارجی کشور و تعیین اهداف سیاست خارجی دولت جدید می تواند سیاست گذاران و مجریان را یاری کند. به همین جهت در این مقاله پرسش اینست که در بستر نظام بین الملل کنونی، چه الگو و استراتژی مطلوب و کارآمدی می تواند دولت ابراهیم رئیسی را در دستیابی به اهداف اش در سیاست خارجی یاری کند؟ در پاسخ برآنم که نظام بین الملل کنونی مبتنی بر هژمونی ایالات متحده آمریکا می باشد که درصدد پیاده نمودن نوعی نظم ایده محور است. لذا در دستور کار قرار دادن الگوی نظم عدالت محور با تاکید بر استراتژی "موازنه نرم در برابر قدرت هژمون" می تواند ضمن پرهیز از رویارویی مستقیم با این قدرت، هزینه های رهبری قدرت هژمون را بالا برده و او را مجبور به عقب نشینی نماید.

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Iran and the changed security environment (requirements and strategies)

Saeed Hassan Khani

Volume 5, Issue 19 , January 2022, , Pages 23-62

Abstract

  Current world trends are such that patterns of interaction are constantly being reproduced. This makes it possible to create a framework of constraints and opportunities that countries ...  Read More Current world trends are such that patterns of interaction are constantly being reproduced. This makes it possible to create a framework of constraints and opportunities that countries and governments must adapt to. Scientific evaluation, analysis and explanation of challenges, opportunities, harms and threats, based on "realistic attitude" is an undeniable necessity for each country to formulate and pursue its own pattern of behavior. Real knowledge of the capabilities and facilities of the national unit on the one hand and on the other hand, drawing goals and interests aimed at ensuring national security, based on facts and essences and not what should be, is the main beacon of any international actor. Becomes.

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The rights of migrant workers in the European Union and the United Nations Convention on Migrant Workers

Seyed Abozar Falsafizadeh Haqiqi

Volume 6, Issue 1 , June 2022, , Pages 23-37

Abstract

  The present paper aimed to study Migrant workers occupy an uncertain position in the legal systems of nation-states. Even when these workers migrate legally, they have more limited ...  Read More The present paper aimed to study Migrant workers occupy an uncertain position in the legal systems of nation-states. Even when these workers migrate legally, they have more limited rights than citizens. This paper applies a descriptive-analytical method to examine the UN Convention on Migrant Workers and the approach of the European Union to clarify how these two conventions affect the border between national legal systems in this regard. The library method was used to conduct this descriptive-analytical research. Originality of texts, honesty and confidentiality were preserved in this paper. Research shows that migrant workers have certain rights; The UN Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers is more concerned with human rights than the civil rights of workers. Negative rights with a focus on protecting specific injuries. At the same time, the protection of official citizenship is at a higher level than the protection of migrant workers' rights, however, unresolved issues remain.

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Critical Reappraisal of Citizenship Rights in Iran’s Newspapers

Khalil Sardarnia; Reza AmirpoorAmirabad; Sina Aminizadeh

Volume 5, Issue 16 , May 2021, , Pages 25-53

Abstract

  Citizenship rights with political, civic and social dimensions are the fundamental elements of democracy and political development. This research has been done with aim of critical ...  Read More Citizenship rights with political, civic and social dimensions are the fundamental elements of democracy and political development. This research has been done with aim of critical reappraisal of newspapers contents in Iran about human rights. In this study, Shargh and Keyhan are two case studies belong to reformist and conservatives as to important streamline in Iran. The methodology is quantitative content analysis. The main questions are: how and how much have been the performance of these newspapers in pay attention to and informing of audience to cognitive and practical- objective indexes of human rights? By the means, what are the viewpoints of elites about this performance of newspapers? The main findings of this study follow that: these newspapers have not done their role well and preferable in promotion of human rights due to the reasons such as: fractional and political dependencies, intellectual and financial dependency, none transparency, censorship, unfairness in speech, false and politicized analyses and informing functions and neglecting of professional ethics in journalism and then, have been faced to legitimacy crisis and challenges in views of public opinions and peoples.

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IONS and Security Convergence in the Indian Ocean: Fields and Challenges

reza Ekhtiari Amiri; mohammad salmantabarsouteh; Hosein Ebrahimi

Volume 4, Issue 14 , December 2020, , Pages 29-56

https://doi.org/10.29252/JPS.4.14.29

Abstract

  In recent decades, regionalism and the creation of regional institutions to exploit the capacity of member states to achieve common goals and interests has become increasingly important.As ...  Read More In recent decades, regionalism and the creation of regional institutions to exploit the capacity of member states to achieve common goals and interests has become increasingly important.As we are witnessing the emergence and formation of various regional organizations and institutions in different parts of the world.In this regard, the various dimensions of the importance of the Indian Ocean region have led to the preservation and security of this region on the agenda of coastal states such as the Islamic Republic of Iran and, as a result, institutions for regional security.Among the institutions established to provide maritime security in the Indian Ocean region is the IONS, or Indian Ocean Naval Symposium.Given this, the main question of the research is based on the causes and areas of security convergence of IONS member countries and what challenges and limitations do these countries face in developing regional cooperation? The research method is analytical-explanatory and the theoretical approach of convergence has been used to explain the subject. The main hypothesis is based on the idea that a common understanding of regional issues, as well as common environmental and regional concerns, has paved the way for the convergence of countries and, ultimately, the establishment of IONS.

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Factors of Convergence and Divergence in Economic-Political Relations, India-China (2015-2001)

Mehdi Hedayati Shahidani; Fatemeh Pakzad; Zahra Pakzad

Volume 2, Issue 6 , March 2018, , Pages 29-53

Abstract

  China and India, two emerging Asian powers, have a special view of relations. The new course of relations between the two countries is based on the ideas of a new generation of leaders ...  Read More China and India, two emerging Asian powers, have a special view of relations. The new course of relations between the two countries is based on the ideas of a new generation of leaders of the two countries who sought to resolve old differences and established a new relationship that marked the beginning of a new chapter in strategic cooperation between the two Asian powers. India's high capacity for pluralism as the world's largest democracy is a powerful expression that, along with its large population, human and underground resource capacity, and relatively rapid economic growth, has increased its competitiveness. China, on the other hand, is in a good position with a high per capita income, high economic power and a good position on the international stage. Extensive cooperation and interaction between these two great Asian powers can create new conditions not only in the region but also in the world arena. Accordingly, this study answers the question: Considering the factors of convergence and divergence in the relations between the two countries, which group of factors ultimately plays an effective role and promotes the overall structure of relations between the two countries? According to the factors of convergence and divergence, the relations between the two countries are examined.

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America's economic war against China Emphasizing the constructivist theory

ehsan jafari far; hadi zoka dadgostar

Volume 6, Issue 3 , November 2022, , Pages 29-50

Abstract

  After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the unipolar world with the hegemony of America, with the emergence of emerging powers, including China, has strengthened the idea of ​​transforming ...  Read More After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the unipolar world with the hegemony of America, with the emergence of emerging powers, including China, has strengthened the idea of ​​transforming the international system from unipolar to multipolar. The problem of this research is that despite China's claim that the country's economic rise is peaceful, it does not convince the circles and American politicians. Therefore, this research, which is descriptive-analytical and collected with library documents, seeks to answer the question, what are the views and policies of the United States regarding China's economic rise? The findings of the research show that China's economic rise has been accompanied by economic policies. These policies include the membership and establishment of international organizations, international projects such as the revival of the Silk Road, investment and lending. According to the analyzes in the framework of the constructivist theory, it should be said that in the eyes of the United States, a peaceful uprising does not remove the accusation of a serious threat to this country as a revisionist country. Based on this point of view, the United States has been convinced that it should take practical measures in order to contain China

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Comparative study of Democratization Indicators in Ahmadinejad and Rouhani Governments

Alireza Samiee esfahani; Mohammad Mojahedzadeh; marzyeh Karami; Malek Avarideh

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 29-55

Abstract

  The main goal of the current research is to compare the indicators of consolidation and stabilization of democracy during the presidency of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani based on the modernization ...  Read More The main goal of the current research is to compare the indicators of consolidation and stabilization of democracy during the presidency of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani based on the modernization theory of Martin Lipsett and Larry Diamond. What has been questioned in the current research is what role did the governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran play in consolidating and stabilizing the elements and indicators of democracy between 1384 and 1400? In order to achieve the desired and worthy result, key and important indicators such as urbanization, industrialization, public education, inflation, foreign investment, housing, employment, parties and non-governmental organizations were selected and evaluated in the mentioned period. The findings of the research show that in some indicators, such as the category of housing and job creation, the government of Ahmadinejad has been more successful; And in some others like; Attracting foreign investment, forming parties and establishing non-governmental organizations, Rouhani's government has performed better, and in the field of indicators such as inflation control, urbanization process, industrialization and public education, the actions of both governments have been close to each other. The research method is a qualitative type of causal explanation.

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