Journal of Political Strategy

Analyzing and investigating political-security threats and opportunities of Afghan immigrants for the Islamic Republic of Iran

seyed saleh musavi; Abbas Keshavar zshokri

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 February 2024

Abstract

  Migration in today's world has become a global issue that has attracted the attention of many scientific fields. The migration of other nationals to the destination country can ...  Read More Migration in today's world has become a global issue that has attracted the attention of many scientific fields. The migration of other nationals to the destination country can have many consequences for the said country large wave of Afghan nationals immigrating to our country, and on the other hand, these immigrants have created threats and opportunities for our country, so this research seeks to answer the question that threats and opportunities How is the political-security migration of Afghan nationals analyzed for the Islamic Republic of Iran? The findings of the research indicate negative consequences such as the increase in drug and human trafficking, the increase in terrorist groups and operations in the country, the spread of ideology and the increase in chaos in the border areas and other parts of the country, as well as opportunities such as the increase in diplomatic capacities and political relations with Afghanistan and other countries as well as regional organizations and increasing political and diplomatic power and as a result increasing the power of our country in the region. The research method in this descriptive-analytical research and the method of information gathering and data collection were also done in a library and documentary way.

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Migration, an approach to new exploitation, approaches and functions in the era of globalization and global governance

morteza khademi-kouhi; mohammad hassan Dehghan; Nurullah hosseinkhani; Seyed Mohammad Zolfagari; Ruhollah Khademi Kouhi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 April 2024

Abstract

  Today, international migration has become one of the biggest issues and challenges facing the countries of the world in the age of globalization. On the one hand, the presence of immigrants ...  Read More Today, international migration has become one of the biggest issues and challenges facing the countries of the world in the age of globalization. On the one hand, the presence of immigrants in the social, economic and political structures of immigrant-receiving countries has become a special capacity for the development of those countries and to achieve a colorful role in global governance, and on the other hand, it has become a factor for the weakening of security and economic stability indicators. has been This research, using a descriptive-analytical approach based on the analysis of available statistics, examines the change in the approach to the migration issue from the social dimension to political, economic and security opportunities and challenges, with an emphasis on the Islamic Republic of Iran and its effects on the global geopolitical environment in The era of globalization has paid off. In order to achieve this result, in this article, identifying the factors affecting the migration process and examining the views of developed countries from this point of view, and finally, a perspective based on the analysis of trends for prioritizing management and strategic policy making in this regard. The domain is provided.

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Schema: the fundamental element of discovery the mind (from reading the text to reading social revolutions)

Tooraj Rahmani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 April 2024

Abstract

  Production of the text is always accompanied by intentionality. The understanding of intentionality of text requires the logistics that reader should provide them before entering the ...  Read More Production of the text is always accompanied by intentionality. The understanding of intentionality of text requires the logistics that reader should provide them before entering the text. Discovery of Mind is necessary component for understanding the meaning of the text. In this regard, discovery of mind is an opportunity for understanding of political inclusions of a text. The methods of understanding the text are also considered as a pattern for understanding political phenomena. Such a possibility will be provided by considering political phenomena as text. For example, phenomena such as social revolutions, if they are considered equivalent to the text, are necessarily related to the tools of discovering meaning. This article in the following issues related to the discovery of mind will explain the concept of schema. Schema as tools necessarily will have a prominent position in the process of discovery of mind. In line with attempts to understanding the mind use of schema is required to improve the quality of such efforts. The schema can be seen as a strategy with which the mind is placed in a position that will be evident its components. But argument about schema will lead to questions about the manner of its application.

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Explaining the causes and contexts of the formation of the reform movement based on the theory of political opportunity structure

Alireza Samei esfahani; zahra Jalalikia; Jamshid Kholghi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 29 April 2024

Abstract

  The main question of the research is "What effect did the political opportunities of the late 1980s and early 1990s have on the formation and success of the second Khordad movement ...  Read More The main question of the research is "What effect did the political opportunities of the late 1980s and early 1990s have on the formation and success of the second Khordad movement of 1376/1997?" Based on this, an attempt is made to answer this question by using the conceptual components of the theoretical approach of social movements, especially the ideas of people like McAdam, Sidney Taro and Charles Tilly. The research findings show that political opportunities such as; The relatively open political space of the 70s, the existence of mechanisms for political participation and access to the system, new political demarcations among elites, the fragility of political alliances (new political alignments) and the changing role of external factors (the process of globalization and the conditions of the international system ) had a decisive role in the formation and victory of the second Khordad 1376movement". The research method is a qualitative type of causal explanation, and the tool for analyzing and explaining the issue is the theory of the structure of political opportunities. The data collection method is documentary and library study and use of internet resources

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Society or Community; the Problem of Political Development in Iran

Hossein Doostmohammadi; Mohammad Radmard

Volume 8, Issue 1 , April 2024

Abstract

  Development, particularly in its political aspect, appears to be a future that most elites of undeveloped nations aspire to move towards and achieve its objectives. Taking step in this ...  Read More Development, particularly in its political aspect, appears to be a future that most elites of undeveloped nations aspire to move towards and achieve its objectives. Taking step in this path full of difficulties necessitates certain conditions. From the political sociology perspective, perhaps social cohesion is the key condition. This is also applied for Iranian society and Iranian elites’ concerns. In the present study, our main assumption is that Iranian society does not have organic cohesion for articulating the political and social demands. Hence, the fundamental questions of the discussion include what are the causes for the lack of social cohesion in Iran and what is the impact of this lack of cohesion on the political development process? Influenced by Ferdinand Tönnies’ theory, the base of the hypothesis of the present research is that since Iranian society has not evolved in the scientific sense and our country’s social/historical formulation is more similar to Iranian communities than to a united Iranian society, political development appears to be impossible. Thus, in the current study, the researchers are aimed at answering the research question through applying the theory of social divides, using a descriptive/analytical method, and collecting the required sources using a library approach.

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The socialization model of the religious democracy system based on the statement of the second step of the Islamic revolution

Seyed MohammadReza Mahmoudpanahi

Volume 7, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 9-32

Abstract

  Considering the importance of nation building and the necessity of developing a special model of community building in the 5-stage road map of the new Islamic civilization, in this ...  Read More Considering the importance of nation building and the necessity of developing a special model of community building in the 5-stage road map of the new Islamic civilization, in this research, the model of community building in the religious democracy system is examined based on the provisions of the second step statement. The main question is, what are the characteristics of the socialization model in the statement of the second step? This research collects and analyzes data within the framework of revolutionary system theory and with library tools and descriptive-analytical methods. Based on the findings of this article, the model of socialization of the religious democracy system in the second step statement is different from the model of socialization of the nation-state of Western civilization and is in the direction of the model of socialization of the Islamic Ummah-nation and all-round progress of the society starts and with the simultaneous strengthening of the national and Islamic identity and efficient state-building is realized.

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Study and analysis of political culture of professors of Mazandaran public universities

morteza alavian; Gholamreza Zabatpour kari; seyed saleh musavi

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 9-27

Abstract

  Abstract:Understanding the political attitude of university professors is one of the most important issues for political and social planners and even thinkers who are concerned about ...  Read More Abstract:Understanding the political attitude of university professors is one of the most important issues for political and social planners and even thinkers who are concerned about reforming the country. The present article, inspired by the political typology of Almond and Verba on political culture, examines the political culture of professors at public universities in Mazandaran province. The main research question is; What is the type and amount of participation of professors of Mazandaran public universities? For this purpose, the survey method and selection of the desired samples have been used in accordance with scientific methods, the results of which can be generalized to all professors of public universities in the province. According to the research findings, which were extracted from 310 samples, the perceptual dimension of professors' political culture is more powerful than the emotional and judgmental dimension. From another perspective, the findings show that participatory culture is more widespread than subordinate and limited culture, and professors want active rather than passive participation in political issues. It therefore demands that political and social planners provide the platform for the realization of free-thinking seats.

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Comparative study of Democratization Indicators in Ahmadinejad and Rouhani Governments

Alireza Samiee esfahani; Mohammad Mojahedzadeh; marzyeh Karami; Malek Avarideh

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 29-55

Abstract

  The main goal of the current research is to compare the indicators of consolidation and stabilization of democracy during the presidency of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani based on the modernization ...  Read More The main goal of the current research is to compare the indicators of consolidation and stabilization of democracy during the presidency of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani based on the modernization theory of Martin Lipsett and Larry Diamond. What has been questioned in the current research is what role did the governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran play in consolidating and stabilizing the elements and indicators of democracy between 1384 and 1400? In order to achieve the desired and worthy result, key and important indicators such as urbanization, industrialization, public education, inflation, foreign investment, housing, employment, parties and non-governmental organizations were selected and evaluated in the mentioned period. The findings of the research show that in some indicators, such as the category of housing and job creation, the government of Ahmadinejad has been more successful; And in some others like; Attracting foreign investment, forming parties and establishing non-governmental organizations, Rouhani's government has performed better, and in the field of indicators such as inflation control, urbanization process, industrialization and public education, the actions of both governments have been close to each other. The research method is a qualitative type of causal explanation.

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Global governance, the American empire starting with the media empire

morteza khademi-kouhi; mohammadhasan dehgan; Seyed Mohammad Zolfagari; Ruhollah Khademi Kouhi; Mahdi Raei

Volume 7, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 59-73

Abstract

  There are many signs that the current world order is changing and a new order will rule the world. As in the literature of international relations, there is a murmur of repetition and ...  Read More There are many signs that the current world order is changing and a new order will rule the world. As in the literature of international relations, there is a murmur of repetition and return to the concept of empire. This article summarizes the concepts of global governance, media empire, American empire, with the assumption that there are many points of commonality between these concepts, emphasizing the role of the media in shaping the concept of the American empire, with a descriptive-analytical approach. examines. The findings of this study show that mass media have a special capacity for fundamental changes in people's social life, which is very important. They have also found the ability to standardize and converge public opinion on domestic and international policies. In the field of economic governance, the role of the media is unmatched. Therefore, by raising issues such as human rights, justice, equality and freedom in social media at the global level, America creates a new identity for itself in the form of an empire.

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Understanding the Roots and Causes of Political Anomie

Akbar Zolfaghari

Volume 7, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 75-101

Abstract

  The main goal of the research is to study the roots of political anomie in developing societies. The research method is of the historical-document type, where the researcher looks for ...  Read More The main goal of the research is to study the roots of political anomie in developing societies. The research method is of the historical-document type, where the researcher looks for the answer to the research goal by referring to articles, books, and researches. The theoretical model of the research is the structuralism-functionalism paradigm (Durkheim, Merton, Parsons and Giddens). The results show, based on the structuralism-functionalism theory; the roots of political anomie are attributed to the social structure and the function of system components in the transition from traditional to modern society. Rapid, sudden and hasty changes are the cause of political anomie. From this point of view, the imbalance of the political system, the reduction of the authority of the cultural system (symbol and collective dignity), the malfunctioning of the system, the lack of identity, alienation, the feeling of disgust and the emotional crisis of modern people, and the destruction of social traditions are the roots of political anomie. The center of distinction of political anomie thinkers is in the unit of analysis, in such a way that: Durkheim and Merton have a micro-intermediate view on the political anomie; however; Parsons and Giddens approach this issue with a medium-macro view..

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The position of human knowledge in the administration of the Islamic system according to the methodology of jurisprudence with an emphasis on the opinions of Imam Khomeini (RA)

HADI جلالی اصل

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 109-133

Abstract

  One of the challenging issues after the Islamic revolution is the place of human knowledge and expertise in the administration of the Islamic system. Some consider jurisprudential management ...  Read More One of the challenging issues after the Islamic revolution is the place of human knowledge and expertise in the administration of the Islamic system. Some consider jurisprudential management to be in contrast with scientific management, while others consider the consideration of society's interests and attention to human experience as the secularization of government. The purpose of this article is to explain the position of expertise in the administration of the Islamic system based on the methodology of jurisprudence with an emphasis on the opinions of Imam Khomeini (RA), and the claim of this article is that according to Imam Khomeini (RA), jurisprudential management is not in contrast with scientific management, and referring to reason and human experience in the administration of Islamic society does not mean the secularization of religion, but the necessity of Implementation of Sharia law.To prove this claim, first by describing the opinions of the Scholars of principles of jurisprudence regarding the authority of human knowledge in this field; Then, by examining the areas of administration of the Islamic society, we have analyzed the essentials of these basics in the administration of the Islamic system.

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The Effects of Strategic Culture on Iranian Arms Policy and National Security

rashid rekabian; samane tahmasbei

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 163-187

Abstract

  This article introduces the concept of strategic culture and tries to investigate its relationships with the Iranian arms policy. strategic culture consist of a code of political values, ...  Read More This article introduces the concept of strategic culture and tries to investigate its relationships with the Iranian arms policy. strategic culture consist of a code of political values, cultural beliefs regarding threats, national security, the position of the military forces and the use of forces in the international security. In the view of some researchers, the Iranian strategic culture has a determining role in forming arms policy and national security of states. On this basis, the main question of the article is that “how Iranian arms policy and national security have been affected by the county’s strategic culture? The hypothesis of the research is that “based on historical experience, Iranian strategic culture has played main role in shaping the country’s arms policy and national security”.The present research with descriptive-analytical method proposes the hypothesis that several components are effective in shaping the strategic culture of Iran and it can be said that historical experiences, religious-Islamic teachings and geography have played a role in shaping the strategic culture of Islamic Iran more than any other component.

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Analysis of Iranian society structures; In modern times

siavash mousavirakati

Volume 7, Issue 3 , December 2023

Abstract

  The planned research is a quantitative research that was conducted with a survey method.The aim of this research was to show the priority of each structure in the level of underdevelopment ...  Read More The planned research is a quantitative research that was conducted with a survey method.The aim of this research was to show the priority of each structure in the level of underdevelopment of Iranian society by ranking the different structures of the Iranian society and ranking its indicators.The following results were obtained:The comparison of the average ranks based on the Friedman test shows that the most important indicators of underdevelopment according to the studied people are, respectively, social structure 5.89, cultural structure 5.06, geographical structure 3.27, economic structure 3.09, legal structure 29. 2, and the political structure is 1/40 Also, among the indicators of social structure, respectively, party-playing and rent-seeking 7/83, individualism 6/31, traditionalism and conservatism 6/26, uncriticism 6/18, indifference 6/14 Among the indicators of the cultural structure, 6/96 people are ethnocentric, 6/64 are liars, jealous, hypocrites and flatterers, 6/33 alienation from history, Among the indicators of geographical structure, in the order of foreign sanctions 4.02, interference by foreigners 3.64, strategic location 3.52, attacks by foreigners 3.49, Among the indicators of economic structure, lack of technological development and industrial progress 5.18, lack of free public education 4.99, lack of sufficient income 4.34, lack of economic growth 3.57 have

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Investigating the impact of social gaps on the level of political participation in the Islamic Republic of Iran (with an emphasis on the theory of the crisis of political participation)

nima shab afrouz

Volume 7, Issue 3 , December 2023

Abstract

  The gap and social inequalities are one of the important issues of many societies today, and the country of Iran is facing this problem more than ever before due to the new economic ...  Read More The gap and social inequalities are one of the important issues of many societies today, and the country of Iran is facing this problem more than ever before due to the new economic and political conditions and the lack of efficient management. Political participation expresses how citizens with different participation attitudes take advantage of the opportunities provided by the political system and social institutions. Citizens who are well informed are more likely to participate in political affairs. What is the relationship between social gaps and political participation? The most basic orientations to political participation on the part of citizens are related to the political behavior of statesmen. Interest in politics and active and spontaneous participatory behavior on the part of citizens, having a relationship Positive with political participation, which other political attitudes are based on. These attitudes include political effectiveness and political trust. Those societies that are ineffective in creating a stable and effective government are also ineffective in creating mutual trust among citizens. The main question of the research is, what effect will the widening and thickening of social divides have on the level of political participation and electoral behavior in the Islamic Republic of Iran?

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Analysis of Key Factors and Driving Forces Influencing the Future Status of the Geopolitical Situation in the Persian Gulf Region

Reza Rahimi; Kiomars Yazdan Panah

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 231-260

Abstract

  The geopolitical landscape of the Persian Gulf region has witnessed significant transformations in recent decades, marked by considerable tensions and conflicts among active political ...  Read More The geopolitical landscape of the Persian Gulf region has witnessed significant transformations in recent decades, marked by considerable tensions and conflicts among active political actors in the region, especially the neighboring countries of the Persian Gulf. Currently, amidst new developments, whispers about reducing tensions among regional countries, especially Iran and Saudi Arabia, are heard, which could potentially influence the geopolitical situation of the Persian Gulf region and improve future conditions in terms of economic, security, military, cultural, and environmental cooperation platforms. This research is premised on the notion that achieving peaceful convergence based on the mutual interests and needs of countries, such as economic, military, energy, and environmental needs, will create favorable conditions across various domains within the region. The aim of this research is to analyze the key factors and driving forces affecting the future status of the geopolitical situation in the Persian Gulf region. The present study is based on an exploratory-applied research method, and the necessary data have been obtained through interviews with experts. The research findings indicate that the influential factors on the future status of the geopolitical situation in the Persian Gulf region include, in order, factors such as extra-regional partners, the influence of major powers, establishing a common market, maritime cooperation, oil and gas trade, arms competitions, intra-regional conflicts, exchange rates, goods transit, and China's entry. Proper utilization of these key factors can lead to geopolitical convergence in the region.

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An analysis of the consequences of the Authoritarian Reform considering the reforms of The Crown Prince Abbas Mirza Qajar

Farideh Farahmandzadeh; Saeed Sadeghi

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 261-282

Abstract

  As with other vertical reforms, Abbas Mirza, the Crown Price, used an authoritarian approach. This method was immediate and the only known method in the Tribal Union which was formed ...  Read More As with other vertical reforms, Abbas Mirza, the Crown Price, used an authoritarian approach. This method was immediate and the only known method in the Tribal Union which was formed based on conquest. The Charisma played an important role in this method relied on cult of personality. Complications resulted from/to such an approach led to contradiction and obstacles to reforms. Relying on the cult of personality leads to relying on a tradition which contradicts with the pluralistic and codified nature of modernism.Because of this repetitive approach, explaining the authoritarian method in the era of FathAli-Shah, as the commence of western modernism, is necessary to realize the motivations and solutions. We try to prove that the complications from the authoritarian method, including getting stuck in dysfunctional traditions, not having codified plan, and resorting to the mentioned traditions to avoid them, nullified the achievements of the reforms. In fact, the lack of an independent, committed and documented bureaucracy not only intensified the military and competitive approach, but also trapped in dysfunctional traditions through dependence on traditional tools and thoughts. A historical pathology to provide a pattern of obstacles and causes is the first step to avoid such situations and social blockage.

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Semiotic Analysis of Power in the Hadiths of Shia Imams

Hamdallah Akvani; Seyyed Dawood Mousavi; ali bagheri Dolatabadi

Volume 7, Issue 2 , August 2023, , Pages 9-29

Abstract

  Power is one of the concepts that have been defined from different aspects. The division of power into different types of hard, soft, intelligent, etc. indicates the wide range of views ...  Read More Power is one of the concepts that have been defined from different aspects. The division of power into different types of hard, soft, intelligent, etc. indicates the wide range of views about this concept. The study of power, sources and methods of its application in line with Western ideas has also been done in Islamic studies. The main question of the article is, what are the characteristics of the mentioned power in the hadiths of the Shia imams? The hypothesis of the article is that a set of signs can be deduced in the hadiths of Shia imams, which lead us to the concept of transcendental power. The semiotics method was used to answer the above question and the aim of the article is to identify the signs of power in Shia hadiths. The findings of the research showed that the source of power, the holders of power, the purpose of power and the ways of exercising power are different from the conventional types of power in political theories, which are known as hard, soft and network.

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A comparative study of the concept and position of "sovereignty" in the theoretical system of Ibn Khaldun and Norbert Elias

alireza samiei esfahani; narjes shiri

Volume 7, Issue 2 , August 2023, , Pages 49-71

Abstract

  The purpose of the research is to examine the opinions and thoughts of two great sociological thinkers from two Islamic and Western theoretical traditions, namely Ibn Khaldun and Norbert ...  Read More The purpose of the research is to examine the opinions and thoughts of two great sociological thinkers from two Islamic and Western theoretical traditions, namely Ibn Khaldun and Norbert Elias, regarding the birth, consolidation and decline of the sovereignty of civilizations; provide theoretical themes and valuable practical findings to those interested in this theoretical and conceptual field. Therefore, the main question of the current research is, what is the position of "sovereignty" in terms of concept and function in the thought of Ibn Khaldun and Norbert Elias? In order to answer the above question, an attempt is made to identify the differences and similarities of this concept in the theoretical system of these two thinkers and present its practical achievements by relying on the comparative method. The findings of the research show that both thinkers have a "developmental" approach to social phenomena and developments, including the issue of "sovereignty" and its transformation, from the perspective of historical sociology, and both of them have a general rule about sovereignty. and that is that when the sovereign territory expands to a great extent,, leads to the activation of centrifugal forces, and then the period of decline and collapse of that sovereignty begins.

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Explanation of Iran's military stance after World War II (1325-1326 AH) Based on the theory of defensive realism

FARIBA Tarjoman; Fatima Nasralhi

Volume 7, Issue 2 , August 2023, , Pages 73-95

Abstract

  In the phenomenon of war and insecurity, security issues, especially borders, are particularly important. This issue applies to Iran after the Second World War, when it faced the occupation ...  Read More In the phenomenon of war and insecurity, security issues, especially borders, are particularly important. This issue applies to Iran after the Second World War, when it faced the occupation of the allied forces and the attention of the United States to its security issues. The importance of paying attention to the borders in the years 1325 to 1326 AH was such that in the form of a directive from the Ministry of Interior Pahlavi Border issues were put on the agenda. In this research using the theoretical framework of defensive realism and archival documents of these years, we will explain Iran's military position after the Second World War between 1325 and 1326. The choice of this time period was due to the special attention of the Iranian government to border security issues under the influence of Tudeh party's activities in the country's border areas and the US's barrier policy. The results of the investigations show that the Iranian government, with regard to the defensive approach, focused on strengthening the border guards, sought to protect the country's borders, increase its relative power, prevent the bad actions of Iran's neighboring governments, and preserve its survival

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The Roots and Causes of Political Violence in the Middle East

Akbar Zolfaghari; Taha Ahsayeri

Volume 7, Issue 2 , August 2023, , Pages 125-153

Abstract

  The present study aims to analyze the roots and causes of political violence in the Middle East by relying on Huntington's theoretical perspective (Modernization Theory) and Robert ...  Read More The present study aims to analyze the roots and causes of political violence in the Middle East by relying on Huntington's theoretical perspective (Modernization Theory) and Robert Gurr's theoretical approach (Relative Deprivation). The main research question is what factors fuel the occurrence of political violence in the Middle East? The research method is of the historical-documentary type, where the researcher looks for the answer to the main goal by referring to articles, books, research and printed scientific works in the databases and also by referring to the historical past of the phenomenon (Political Violence). According to this; the results of the research show that political violence in the Middle East is the result of economic, social, political, psychological and cultural modernization. In transitioning from traditional and old patterns to new patterns; the countries accept changes in the society, however, previous authorities have collapsed, and new political, social and security challenges have arisen, including new political violence.

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Pathology of Non-Governmental Actors;Violence, Backgrounds and Approaches

komeil naderimahdy; Somayeh Ghanbari

Volume 7, Issue 2 , August 2023, , Pages 155-179

Abstract

  Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as independent organizations from the government,Non-profit organizations and spontaneous and public members today play an important role in various ...  Read More Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as independent organizations from the government,Non-profit organizations and spontaneous and public members today play an important role in various legal fields such as political, economic, environmental, cultural, etc., so that these institutions are the main components of civil societyformed and are considered tools to strengthen the weak position of the people against powerful government institutions. In spite of this importance, non-governmental organizations in some societies are either basically not formed or in th ecase offormation, they are not very efficient in performing their duties and effectiveness, and in some cases losses and damagesMost of them follow, to the extent that in some cases they go out of the circle of the mentioned definition. This article is to examine one if the most important injuries of NGOs that is violence, base on the method of Descriptive-analytical. in such a way that firstly, the introduction and causes of the formation of two of the most important organizationsViolent means ideology-based organizations such as Al-Qaeda and Marxist guerilla organizations such asPeople's Mojahedin of Iran and then solutions to prevent violence in these organizationsIt also prevents these organizations from harming the society.

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Clergy and its Actions during the Struggle for Victory of Islamic Revolution: Content Analysis of Imam Khomeini's Correspondence (1960-1970)

younes Kojuri geshniani; ali bagheri Dolatabadi; abouzar Fattahizadeh; jaseb nikfar

Volume 7, Issue 1 , April 2023, , Pages 7-34

Abstract

  Different classes and groups played a role in the victory of the Islamic Revolution. The question is that what was the reaction of the clergy to the most important political developments ...  Read More Different classes and groups played a role in the victory of the Islamic Revolution. The question is that what was the reaction of the clergy to the most important political developments of the 1960s and what relationship existed between Imam Khomeini and the clergy during this decade? The hypothesis of the article is that in the first half of the 1960s, the clergy had the most actions in the country's political arena, and in the second half, its reaction to political events decreased. To answer the main question, a quantitative-qualitative method has been used. In the quantitative method, all the correspondences of Imam Khomeini between the years 1961 and 1970 were statistically arranged according to the audience, date, and content, and in the next step, these correspondences were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. The research findings showed that in the second half of the 1960s, Imam Khomeini became concerned about the inactivity of the clergy and their attention to educational issues or less important issues. The statements of Imam Khomeini confirm that the clergy did not support the revolution uniformly and the actions of some of them were harmful to the movement in this decade.

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Coordinates of political Islam in the political thought of Ayatollah Khamenei

rahmat abbastabar; Ebadolah Akhtari

Volume 7, Issue 1 , April 2023, , Pages 53-85

Abstract

  Review:olitical Islam is a conceptual model that is formed with the social view of Islam and in the deep connection between religion and politics, and it does not have a one-dimensional ...  Read More Review:olitical Islam is a conceptual model that is formed with the social view of Islam and in the deep connection between religion and politics, and it does not have a one-dimensional view of the issue of religion, but it is also used as a criterion for worldly affairs. The model of political Islam is used for governments that seek to establish a government based on Islamic principles. The necessity and purpose of this article is to introduce the conceptual model and to know the coordinates of political Islam according to the political thoughts of Ayatollah Khamenei. The existing research extracts the necessary data through library study and analysis of Ayatollah Khamenei's statements and writings. In this research, he studied the texts from a theoretical method with the nature of qualitative data and summarized the contents by selecting different propositions. The findings of the research indicate that political Islam seeks to give identity to concepts such as freedom, equality, religious democracy, justice, unity, security, prosperity and spirituality, and believes in the formation of a modern state based on Islam, which provides a model for development. Pays stable and comprehensive.

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The role of social networks in weakening social capital

mohammad Bavandpuri; ali arasteh; ehsan mohammadi manie

Volume 6, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 35-64

Abstract

  Among the important components in today's world, which has a great role and importance in strengthening and improving social power and maintaining the cohesion and solidarity of societies, ...  Read More Among the important components in today's world, which has a great role and importance in strengthening and improving social power and maintaining the cohesion and solidarity of societies, is social capital. In such a way that a society that lacks enough social capital, its other capitals are wasted. However, today, various factors play a role in the development or weakening of social capital. One of these factors is related to social networks. In fact, social networks play an important role in the field of social developments in today's era due to easy access to contacts. One of the dimensions in which these social networks can be effective is the topic of social capital and how to weaken or grow it. The topic that is going to be explored in this research.Therefore, the role of social networks in weakening social capital is the main question of this research, which tries to address this issue using reliable scientific sources. But the initial findings of the research indicate that social networks, considering their position among users and facilitating communication among them, can be a factor for social capital development in addition to having capacities for Weakening of social capital.

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An analysis of public in the form of implementing economic development programs in the Second Pahlavi period

hassan azizi

Volume 6, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 65-92

Abstract

  During the time of Pahlavi' ll she was ordered by the government as a public policy maker in the form of implementing some economic, development of the country. The purpose of these ...  Read More During the time of Pahlavi' ll she was ordered by the government as a public policy maker in the form of implementing some economic, development of the country. The purpose of these programs is to create the necessary infrastructure in economic, industrial, agricultural, communication and public services fields. In the field of public policy making, Mohammad Reza Shahs decisions led to inefficiency . Therefore, the economic and urban development of the country was achieved in the conditions that the Pahlavi government was taking steps towards consolidating the authority of the foundations of its government .This research aims to draw a kind of individual and sovereign rule on the country's public policymaking process, considering the characteristics of Iran's political society. The analysis and re-examination of these programs makes it clear that the actions of the government have brought public dissatisfaction and consequences. This research deals with the research by using the documentary approach and library studies and using the descriptive-analytical strategy.

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